Evaluation of the push-out bond strength of root canal obturation materials filled by four different obturation techniques
TL;DR: It can be concluded that thermoplasticized techniques obtain superior PBS of the filling materials in comparisons with cold gutta percha obturation techniques.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the push out bond strength (PBS) of root canal fillings using four different obturation techniques (single cone (SC), cold lateral compaction (CLC), continuous wave (CW), and carrier based gutta percha (CBG)). Materials and Methods: Forty mandibular premolar decoronated and instrumented with rotary ProTaper to F3 then teeth were divided randomly into 4 groups of 10 teeth for each as follow: group (I) single- cone obturation with matched-taper gutta-percha, group (II) cold lateral compaction technique, group (III) continuous wave of obturation technique, and group( IV) carrier based gutta-percha technique. Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) sealer was used as a root canal sealer for the four groups. After obturation of the root canals, all the roots were sectioned horizontally at three levels in the apical, middle, and cervical thirds of each group. PBS test was performed using digital universal testing machine. Mode of failures was evaluated using digital stereomicroscope (40 X). Collected data were analyzed statistically using one way ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: PBS of CW and CBG significantly higher than SC and CLC, but significantly there were no differences between CW and CBG, and between SC and CLC. Conclusion: Under the condition of this study it can be concluded that thermoplasticized techniques obtain superior PBS of the filling materials in comparisons with cold gutta percha obturation techniques.
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TL;DR: This article provides an overview of current principles and practices in root canal filling and strives to untangle the limited and often contradictory research of relevance to clinical practice and performance.
Abstract: Contemporary research points to infection control as the key determinant of endodontic success. While epidemiological surveys indicate that success is most likely in teeth which have been densely root-filled to within 2 mm of root-end, it is unclear whether the root canal filling itself is a key determinant of outcome. It is also unclear how different materials and methods employed in achieving a ‘satisfactory’ root filling may impact on outcome. This article provides an overview of current principles and practices in root canal filling and strives to untangle the limited and often contradictory research of relevance to clinical practice and performance.
168 citations
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...The amount of sealer in this technique was referred to be greater than in other compaction techniques; so that, porosities in large volumes, contraction, cement dissolution and a lower adaptation of the single cone in the middle and coronal thirds of the canal with irregular shape are the main disadvantages of this technique ((19))....
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TL;DR: The Epiphany-Resilon combination ( group 3) was not superior to that of the AH Plus-gutta percha combination (group 1), and the Epiphany/Epiphany/Resilon pairing (group 5) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower bonding strength than all the other groups.
Abstract: Aim To assess the bond strength of the new resin-based Epiphany–Resilon root canal filling system, and to compare this with bond strengths of different pairings of AH Plus, gutta-percha, Epiphany and Resilon.
Methodology A total of 65 extracted human single-rooted teeth were used. All teeth were instrumented using a set of ProTaper rotary instruments. Irrigation was performed with 15 mL of 1.25% NaOCl between each instrument and the smear layer was removed during and after instrumentation with 5 mL of 17% EDTA. The canal spaces were filled with different combinations of core and sealer using lateral condensation, as follows: group 1, AH Plus + gutta-percha; group 2, AH Plus + Resilon; group 3, Epiphany + Resilon; group 4, Epiphany + gutta-percha; group 5 (control), gutta-percha only. Cylinders of root dentine 1.13 (0.06)-mm long were prepared from the coronal sections of the 65 teeth. The test specimens were subjected to the push-out test method. After adhesion testing, the remaining sections were examined under a stereomicroscope at × 25 magnification to determine the nature of bond failure. The values of bond strength were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (anova) and the post hoc Tukey's test, with significance set at P < 0.05.
Results The respective mean push-out test values for groups 1–5 were: 2.000 ± 0.369, 1.380 ± 0.154, 1.706 ± 0.340, 2.857 ± 0.523 and 0.078 ± 0.027 MPa. Significant difference (P < 0.001) occurred between the groups. Multiple paired comparisons (Tukey's test) revealed that group 4 (Epiphany + gutta-percha) had significantly (P < 0.001) greater bonding strength than all the other groups; group 1 (AH Plus + gutta-percha) had significantly (P < 0.05) greater bonding strength than group 2 (AH Plus + Resilon); and group 5 (control) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower bonding strength than all the other groups. Inspection of the surfaces revealed the bond failure to be mainly adhesive to dentine for all groups.
Conclusions The Epiphany–Resilon combination (group 3) was not superior to that of the AH Plus-gutta percha combination (group 1).
152 citations
"Evaluation of the push-out bond str..." refers background in this paper
...The pen tip was placed in the orifice of the canal, and the middle of the gutta-percha cone was cut and condensed to the point (6-9) mm short of the working length for about (1....
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...It is also less sensitive to differences in sample sizes and differentiated stress distribution during load application ((7-9))....
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TL;DR: This model provides a simple and reproducible means for measuring the in vitro bond strength of endodontic sealers and to develop an effective and easily reproducible model.
138 citations
"Evaluation of the push-out bond str..." refers background in this paper
...In dynamic conditions, however, it prevents the material from being translocated by the occlusal load ((14))....
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TL;DR: Overall, the epoxy resin-based sealer provided the highest push-out bond strengths, which were significantly higher when canals were filled with sealer alone than those filled with main cone and sealer.
Abstract: Jainaen A, Palamara JEA, Messer HH. Push-out bond strengths of the dentine-sealer interface with and without a main cone. International Endodontic Journal, 40, 882-890, 2007. Aim To evaluate the push-out bond strength of the dentine-sealer interface with and without main cone for three resin sealers. Methodology Thirty extracted maxillary premolar teeth with two separate canals were prepared using 0.04 taper Profile instruments to size 35-45. Teeth were divided into three groups for filling using AH Plus TM , EndoREZor Resilonsealers. In each tooth, one canal was filled with a matching single-cone technique, and other was filled with sealer alone. A 1 mm slice of mid-root dentine was prepared for the push-out test. Failure modes after push-out were examined under microscopy and field emission- scanning electron microscopy. Data were analysed using two-way anova and paired t-tests, with signifi- cance set at P < 0.05. Results Overall, the epoxy resin-based sealer provi- ded the highest push-out bond strengths. Push-out bond strengths were significantly higher (P < 0.001) when canals were filled with sealer alone than those filled with main cone and sealer (AH Plus TM 6.6 and 2.0 MPa, respectively; Resilon � 3.4 and 0.4 MPa; EndoREZ � 0.9 and 0.4 MPa). Sealers appeared to behave differently as thin films in association with a main cone, compared with bulk material. They failed in cohesive mode within the thin film, leaving a layer of sealer on the canal surface. Bulk sealer showed predominantly adhesive failure at the dentine-sealer interface, with a clean dentine wall and with resin tags either partially pulled out or sheared off at the
121 citations
"Evaluation of the push-out bond str..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The cone was also coated with sealer and introduced into the canal and the excess filling material was removed with a heated spoon excavator ((9))....
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...The pen tip was placed in the orifice of the canal, and the middle of the gutta-percha cone was cut and condensed to the point (6-9) mm short of the working length for about (1....
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...It is also less sensitive to differences in sample sizes and differentiated stress distribution during load application ((7-9))....
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...Canals were dried using ProTaper paper points size F3 ((9,10))....
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TL;DR: A limited ability to fill oval-shaped canals was achieved in the 3 thermoplasticized techniques tested, and no significant differences among these techniques were detected.
117 citations
"Evaluation of the push-out bond str..." refers methods in this paper
...The single-cone technique is considered to be less reliable than other methods due to the unfavorable sealer to gutta-percha ratio, which facilitates the microleakage and quality decrease of interfacial integrity of root canal fillings ((16))....
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