Event-B Based Formal Modeling of a Controller: A Case Study
01 Jan 2021-Advances in intelligent systems and computing (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH)-Vol. 1255, pp 649-658
TL;DR: A short survey on usage of Event-B based model is presented to locate the research gaps followed by a case study to build a model using 2 stage refinement strategy of event B to stop the precious groundwater wastage and conserve it.
Abstract: Event-B is an event-driven approach for system development. It has the flexibility to develop different discrete control systems. Event-B is a refinement-based step-by-step modeling methodology. There is a well-tested open-source tool available for Event-B model checking, formalization of mathematical proofs and system validation is done in RODIN. This paper presents a short survey on the usage of an Event-B-based model to locate the research gaps followed by a case study to build a model using the 2-stage refinement strategy to stop the precious groundwater wastage and conserve it. We try to model the behavior required for the environment of the system. The proposed controller then controls the environment. The controller acts accordingly and achieves the goal of groundwater conservation.
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01 Feb 2021
TL;DR: In this article, a prototype of a smart irrigation system is modeled using Event-B, and verification is done by the RODIN tool support, and the prototype is used to verify the verification results.
Abstract: Traditional irrigation operates on a preset programmed schedule and timers. Smart irrigation monitors weather, soil conditions, evaporation, and plant water use to automatically adjust the watering schedule to actual conditions of the site. Deployment of IoT based sensors, GPS systems, and usage of solar energy greatly contributes to the cause. In order to monitor large irrigation area with different harvests, seasons, and parameters demand a formal model for higher yields. In this paper, a prototype of a smart irrigation system is modeled using Event-B, and verification is done by the RODIN tool support.
6 citations
12 Aug 2020
TL;DR: A methodology for modelling the kinematics of a robotic mechanism represented by a sequence of bodies linked by joints by building a finite state machine modelling the behavior of each of these.
Abstract: Developing robot control systems can get complex even for small number of functions to be carried by the robot. Finite state machines are representing a frequent approach to model complex systems in a formal way. In this paper we are presenting a methodology for modelling the kinematics of a robotic mechanism represented by a sequence of bodies linked by joints. Each movement is decomposed as a sequence of rotations and translations and a finite state machine modelling the behavior of each of these is built. The general methodology is applied on a case study: A 2 joints manipulator. An Event-B model of each machine is implemented in the Rodin platform, then the models are validated and some LTL properties corresponding to the behavior of the robot are verified using ProB, the associated model checker.
5 citations
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: Event-B as mentioned in this paper is a formal modeling language that helps to prove the critical requirement properties of a software, and it has the extended tool support RODIN to verify the model and generate proof obligations.
Abstract: Event-B is a formal modeling language that helps to prove the critical requirement properties of a software. The failure or malfunction of this software may cause a huge loss in terms of life and money. Executable code generation from Event-B makes the validation and early verification process more accurate. The proposed framework would improve requirement specification that eventually leads toward a consistent system design. This approach is very useful for industrial automation. Event-B has the extended tool support RODIN to verify the model and generate proof obligations. This paper proposes the translation framework of Event-B to Python code. The translation rules are presented that will map each component of an Event-B model into Python class.
2 citations
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed some rules which help to convert the semi-formal semantics of the activity diagram into formal Z notation with example, and made a case study on the ATM withdrawal system using the proposed rules.
Abstract: The unified modeling language (UML) is widely used for modeling a system. It captures different views of the system. But the semantics of UML is semi-formal and sometimes ambiguous. On the other hand, Z is a formal specification language based on set theory and predicate logic used to prove the required properties of a system mathematically. In this paper, we proposed some rules which help to convert the semi-formal semantics of the activity diagram. It also shows the dynamic aspect of a system, into formal Z notation with example. We also make a case study on the ATM withdrawal system using the proposed rules. We design the system using UML activity diagram and convert it into the Z notation manually. These notations are then verified using the CZT tool support. This approach helps to design a reliable system from semi-formal specification to formal specification.
2 citations
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a taxonomy and comprehensive review of the symbolic model checking in critical system design is presented, and a case study is done to compare the detailed specifications of the model with different parameters.
Abstract: Model-checking is largely used in formal verification of hardware and software systems. The advantage of model checking is producing counterexamples when properties are not satisfied. Formal modeling specifies the system requirements and validates the model. These approaches are getting popular in industrial automation. Usually, it is used to check safety-critical systems, the failure of which may be catastrophic, e.g. The control systems of a nuclear power station may be checked using a model checker before being commissioned. Otherwise, it will cause huge damage. This paper presents an in-depth elaboration of some model checking techniques. It also presents a taxonomy and comprehensive review of the symbolic model checking in critical system design. Lastly, a case study is done to compare the detailed specifications of the model with different parameters.
2 citations
References
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Book•
01 May 2010TL;DR: This book presents a mathematical approach to modelling and designing systems using an extension of the B formal method: Event-B, which allows the user to construct models gradually and to facilitate a systematic reasoning method by means of proofs.
Abstract: A practical text suitable for an introductory or advanced course in formal methods, this book presents a mathematical approach to modelling and designing systems using an extension of the B formal method: Event-B. Based on the idea of refinement, the author's systematic approach allows the user to construct models gradually and to facilitate a systematic reasoning method by means of proofs. Readers will learn how to build models of programs and, more generally, discrete systems, but this is all done with practice in mind. The numerous examples provided arise from various sources of computer system developments, including sequential programs, concurrent programs and electronic circuits. The book also contains a large number of exercises and projects ranging in difficulty. Each of the examples included in the book has been proved using the Rodin Platform tool set, which is available free for download at www.event-b.org.
1,359 citations
"Event-B Based Formal Modeling of a ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...All the examples are well formalized with EventB notation and they are deadlock-free [1]....
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...The basic events of the initial model START_FILL and STOP_FILL are formalized using Event-B notations and are bellowed [1, 2, 5]....
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...Event-B [1] is a modeling language and its application range is versatile....
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...The Event-B based formal modeling proposed by Jean-Raymond Abrial [1], is a top-down engineering approach consists of step-by-step refinement strategy....
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...Jean-Raymond Abrial [1] in his book Modeling in Event-B system and software engineering discussed different applications developed using Event-B modeling....
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Metz1
TL;DR: Classical B is a state-based method developed by Abrial for specifying, designing and coding software systems based on Zermelo—Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice.
Abstract: Classical B is a state-based method developed by Abrial for specifying, designing and coding software systems. It is based on Zermelo—Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice. Sets are used for data modelling, generalised substitutions are used to describe state modifications, the refinement calculus is used to relate models at varying levels of abstraction, and there are a number of structuring mechanisms (machine, refinement and implementation) which are used in the organisation of a development. The first version of the B method is extensively described in The B Book [2]. It is supported by the Atelier B tool [50] and by the B Toolkit [78].
64 citations
17 Dec 2007
TL;DR: This paper elucidate how a new formal notation and tool can help to overcome three key difficulties of the original formalisation of CDIS, namely the difficulty of comprehending the original specification, the lack of any mechanical proof of the consistency of the specification and the difficulties of dealing with distribution and atomicity refinement.
Abstract: CDIS is a commercial air traffic information system that was developed using formal methods 15 years ago by Praxis, and it is still in operation today. This system is an example of an industrial scale system that has been developed using formal methods. In particular, the functional requirements of the system were specified using VVSL - a variant of VDM. A subset of the original specification has been chosen to be reconstructed on the Rodin platform based on the new Event-B formalism. The goal of our reconstruction was to overcome three key difficulties of the original formalisation, namely the difficulty of comprehending the original specification, the lack of any mechanical proof of the consistency of the specification and the difficulty of dealing with distribution and atomicity refinement. In this paper we elucidate how a new formal notation and tool can help to overcome these difficulties.
16 citations
26 Sep 2015
TL;DR: This paper presents the formal modelling of a nose gear velocity system, a software-based system for estimating the ground velocity of an aircraft, and highlights the need for explicit modelling of domain contexts as first-class citizens in Event-B.
Abstract: This paper presents the formal modelling of a nose gear velocity system, a software-based system for estimating the ground velocity of an aircraft. We employ the Event-B modelling language to conduct this case study. Event-B allows us to construct and verify the formal model of the system using the incremental refinement-based process. The main goal of the case study is to highlight the need for separating and integrating explicit semantics of application domain into the formal development process. Traditionally in Event-B development, domain descriptions of systems containing domain knowledge are treated as second-class citizens, and the modelling is implicit and usually distributed between the requirements model and the system model. In this paper, we highlight the need for explicit modelling of domain contexts as first-class citizens, and we illustrate concepts related to implicit and explicit semantics with the help of an example in Event-B.
14 citations
"Event-B Based Formal Modeling of a ..." refers background in this paper
...A case study of noise gear velocity is shown in this paper [9]....
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02 Jun 2014
TL;DR: This paper presents a stepwise formal development of the landing system of an aircraft in Event-B modeling language, and the ProB model checker is used to verify the deadlock freedom and to validate the behaviour requirements by animating the formalized models.
Abstract: This paper presents a stepwise formal development of the landing system of an aircraft. The formal models include the complex behaviour, temporal behaviour and sequence of operations of the landing gear system. The models are formalized in Event-B modeling language, and then the ProB model checker is used to verify the deadlock freedom and to validate the behaviour requirements by animating the formalized models. This case study is considered as a benchmark for techniques and tools dedicated to the verification of behavioural properties of the complex critical systems.
14 citations
"Event-B Based Formal Modeling of a ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...We find an article about an aircraft landing system [8]....
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...The refinements are verified by the RODIN tool [8]....
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