Evidence for topographic organization in the cerebellum of motor control versus cognitive and affective processing.

doi:10.1016/J.CORTEX.2009.11.008

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Evidence for topographic organization in the cerebellum of motor control versus cognitive and affective processing.

Journal Article•DOI•

Evidence for topographic organization in the cerebellum of motor control versus cognitive and affective processing.

Catherine J. Stoodley¹, Jeremy D. Schmahmann¹•Institutions (1)

01 Jul 2010-Cortex (CORTEX; A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND BEHAVIOR)-Vol. 46, Iss: 7, pp 831-844

TL;DR: Functional topography is considered to be a consequence of the differential arrangement of connections of the cerebellum with the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral hemispheres, reflecting cerebellar incorporation into the distributed neural circuits subserving movement, cognition, and emotion.

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About: This article is published in Cortex.The article was published on 2010-07-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1119 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome & Cerebellum.

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Journal Article•DOI•

A review and synthesis of the first 20 years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading

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Cathy J. Price¹•Institutions (1)

Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging¹

15 Aug 2012-NeuroImage

TL;DR: An anatomical model is presented that indicates the location of the language areas and the most consistent functions that have been assigned to them and the implications for cognitive models of language processing are considered.

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1,700 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Slide-seq: A scalable technology for measuring genome-wide expression at high spatial resolution

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Samuel G. Rodriques¹, Samuel G. Rodriques², Robert R. Stickels², Robert R. Stickels³, Aleksandrina Goeva², Carly A. Martin², Evan Murray², Charles R. Vanderburg², Joshua D. Welch², Linlin M. Chen², Fei Chen², Evan Z. Macosko³, Evan Z. Macosko² - Show less +9 more•Institutions (3)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology¹, Broad Institute², Harvard University³

29 Mar 2019-Science

TL;DR: Slide-seq provides a scalable method for obtaining spatially resolved gene expression data at resolutions comparable to the sizes of individual cells, and defines the temporal evolution of cell type–specific responses in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.

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Abstract: Spatial positions of cells in tissues strongly influence function, yet a high-throughput, genome-wide readout of gene expression with cellular resolution is lacking. We developed Slide-seq, a method for transferring RNA from tissue sections onto a surface covered in DNA-barcoded beads with known positions, allowing the locations of the RNA to be inferred by sequencing. Using Slide-seq, we localized cell types identified by single-cell RNA sequencing datasets within the cerebellum and hippocampus, characterized spatial gene expression patterns in the Purkinje layer of mouse cerebellum, and defined the temporal evolution of cell type-specific responses in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. These studies highlight how Slide-seq provides a scalable method for obtaining spatially resolved gene expression data at resolutions comparable to the sizes of individual cells.

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1,198 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The cerebellum and cognition.

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Jeremy D. Schmahmann¹•Institutions (1)

Harvard University¹

01 Jan 2019-Neuroscience Letters

TL;DR: The ability to detect the CCAS in real time in clinical neurology with a brief and validated scale should make it possible to develop a deeper understanding of the clinical consequences of cerebellar lesions in a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders with a link to the cerebellum.

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1,002 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Functional topography of the cerebellum for motor and cognitive tasks: An fMRI study

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Catherine J. Stoodley¹, Eve M. Valera¹, Jeremy D. Schmahmann¹•Institutions (1)

Harvard University¹

16 Jan 2012-NeuroImage

TL;DR: The cerebellar functional topography identified in this study reflects the involvement of different cerebro-cerebellar circuits depending on the demands of the task being performed: overt movement activated sensorimotor cortices along with contralateral Cerebellar lobules IV-V and VIII, whereas more cognitively demanding tasks engaged prefrontal and parietal corticesAlong with cerebellars VI and VII.

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835 citations

Cites background from "Evidence for topographic organizati..."

...…have proposed that there is a functional topography of the cerebellum, based on its linkages with sensorimotor and higher-order brain areas (see Schmahmann, 1991, 2004; Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2010), such that different cerebellar regions process sensorimotor, cognitive and affective information....
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...Based on the anatomical projections between the cerebellum and cerebral cortices (see Schmahmann and Pandya, 1997; Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2010), we hypothesized that the overt motor task (finger tapping) would activate regions of the cerebellum to which sensorimotor regions project, namely lobules IV–VI and lobule VIII....
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...We have proposed that there is a functional topography of the cerebellum, based on its linkages with sensorimotor and higher-order brain areas (see Schmahmann, 1991, 2004; Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2010), such that different cerebellar regions process sensorimotor, cognitive and affective information....
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...Based on the anatomical projections between the cerebellum and cerebral cortices (see Schmahmann and Pandya, 1997; Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2010), we hypothesized that the overt motor task (finger tapping) would activate regions of the cerebellum to which sensorimotor regions project, namely…...
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...In contrast, association area projections (prefrontal, posterior parietal, and superior temporal, posterior parahippocampal and cingulate areas) are mainly localized to lobules VI and VII (for an overview, see Kelly and Strick, 2003; Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2010)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Consensus paper: roles of the cerebellum in motor control--the diversity of ideas on cerebellar involvement in movement.

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Mario Manto, James M. Bower¹, Adriana Bastos Conforto², José M. Delgado-García³, Suzete Nascimento Farias da Guarda⁴, Marcus Gerwig⁵, Christophe Habas⁶, Nobuhiro Hagura⁷, Richard B. Ivry⁸, Peter Mariën⁹, Marco Molinari, Eiichi Naito, Dennis A. Nowak, Nordeyn Oulad Ben Taib, Denis Pélisson¹⁰, Claudia D. Tesche¹¹, Caroline Tilikete¹⁰, Dagmar Timmann⁵ - Show less +14 more•Institutions (11)

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio¹, University of São Paulo², Pablo de Olavide University³, Federal University of São Paulo⁴, University of Duisburg-Essen⁵, Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University⁶, University College London⁷, University of California, Berkeley⁸, Vrije Universiteit Brussel⁹, French Institute of Health and Medical Research¹⁰, University of New Mexico¹¹

01 Jun 2012-The Cerebellum

TL;DR: This consensus paper discusses the literature on the role of the cerebellar circuitry in motor control, bringing together a range of different viewpoints, and highlights the diversity of current opinion, providing a framework for debate and discussion.

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Abstract: Considerable progress has been made in developing models of cerebellar function in sensorimotor control, as well as in identifying key problems that are the focus of current investigation. In this consensus paper, we discuss the literature on the role of the cerebellar circuitry in motor control, bringing together a range of different viewpoints. The following topics are covered: oculomotor control, classical conditioning (evidence in animals and in humans), cerebellar control of motor speech, control of grip forces, control of voluntary limb movements, timing, sensorimotor synchronization, control of corticomotor excitability, control of movement-related sensory data acquisition, cerebro-cerebellar interaction in visuokinesthetic perception of hand movement, functional neuroimaging studies, and magnetoencephalographic mapping of cortico-cerebellar dynamics. While the field has yet to reach a consensus on the precise role played by the cerebellum in movement control, the literature has witnessed the emergence of broad proposals that address cerebellar function at multiple levels of analysis. This paper highlights the diversity of current opinion, providing a framework for debate and discussion on the role of this quintessential vertebrate structure.

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644 citations

Additional excerpts

...suggested to involve the cerebellum [106, 222]....
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References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•

International affective picture system (IAPS) : affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual

[...]

Pj Lang

01 Jan 2005-CTIT technical reports series

5,359 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Empathy for Pain Involves the Affective but not Sensory Components of Pain

[...]

Tania Singer¹, Ben Seymour¹, John P. O'Doherty¹, Holger Kaube¹, Raymond J. Dolan¹, Chris D. Frith¹ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

University College London¹

20 Feb 2004-Science

TL;DR: Only that part of the pain network associated with its affective qualities, but not its sensory qualities, mediates empathy, suggesting that the neural substrate for empathic experience does not involve the entire "pain matrix".

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Abstract: Our ability to have an experience of another's pain is characteristic of empathy. Using functional imaging, we assessed brain activity while volunteers experienced a painful stimulus and compared it to that elicited when they observed a signal indicating that their loved one--present in the same room--was receiving a similar pain stimulus. Bilateral anterior insula (AI), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), brainstem, and cerebellum were activated when subjects received pain and also by a signal that a loved one experienced pain. AI and ACC activation correlated with individual empathy scores. Activity in the posterior insula/secondary somatosensory cortex, the sensorimotor cortex (SI/MI), and the caudal ACC was specific to receiving pain. Thus, a neural response in AI and rostral ACC, activated in common for "self" and "other" conditions, suggests that the neural substrate for empathic experience does not involve the entire "pain matrix." We conclude that only that part of the pain network associated with its affective qualities, but not its sensory qualities, mediates empathy.

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3,425 citations

"Evidence for topographic organizati..." refers background in this paper

...Further, different cerebellar regions are involved when processing one’s own painful experience (posterior vermis) as opposed to experiencing empathy for another’s pain (lobule VI; Singer et al., 2004)....
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...The cerebellum is also active during painful stimulation (Becerra et al., 1999; Ploghaus et al., 1999; Singer et al., 2004; Borsook et al., 2007) – anterior regions are activated by the experience of pain, whereas posterior regions are active during the anticipation of pain (Ploghaus et al., 1999)....
[...]

Journal Article•DOI•

Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour.

[...]

Orrin Devinsky¹, Martha J. Morrell², Brent A. Vogt³•Institutions (3)

New York University¹, Stanford University², Wake Forest University³

01 Feb 1995-Brain

TL;DR: The cingulate epilepsy syndrome provides important support of experimental animal and human functional imaging studies for the role of anterior cingulates cortex in movement, affect and social behaviours.

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Abstract: Assessments of anterior cingulate cortex in experimental animals and humans have led to unifying theories of its structural organization and contributions to mammalian behaviour. The anterior cingulate cortex forms a large region around the rostrum of the corpus callosum that is termed the anterior executive region. This region has numerous projections into motor systems, however, since these projections originate from different parts of anterior cingulate cortex and because functional studies have shown that it does not have a uniform contribution to brain functions, the anterior executive region is further subdivided into ‘affect’ and ‘cognition’ components. The affect division includes areas 25, 33 and rostral area 24, and has extensive connections with the amygdala and periaqueductal grey, and parts of it project to autonomic brainstem motor nuclei. In addition to regulating autonomic and endocrine functions, it is involved in conditioned emotional learning, vocalizations associated with expressing internal states, assessments of motivational content and assigning emotional valence to internal and external stimuli, and maternal—infant interactions. The cognition division includes caudal areas 24' and 32', the cingulate motor areas in the cingulate sulcus and nociceptive cortex. The cingulate motor areas project to the spinal cord and red nucleus and have premotor functions, while the nociceptive area is engaged in both response selection and cognitively demanding information processing. The cingulate epilepsy syndrome provides important support of experimental animal and human functional imaging studies for the role of anterior cingulate cortex in movement, affect and social behaviours. Excessive cingulate activity in cases with seizures confirmed in anterior cingulate cortex with subdural electrode recordings, can impair consciousness, alter affective state and expression, and influence skeletomotor and autonomic activity. Interictally, patients with anterior cingulate cortex epilepsy often display psychopathic or sociopathic behaviours. In other clinical examples of elevated anterior cingulate cortex activity it may contribute to tics, obsessive—compulsive behaviours, and aberrent social behaviour. Conversely, reduced cingulate activity following infarcts or surgery can contribute to behavioural disorders including akinetic mutism, diminished self-awareness and depression, motor neglect and impaired motor initiation, reduced responses to pain, and aberrent social behaviour. The role of anterior cingulate cortex in pain responsiveness is suggested by cingulumotomy results and functional imaging studies during noxious somatic stimulation. The affect division of anterior cingulate cortex modulates autonomic activity and internal emotional responses, while the cognition division is engaged in response selection associated with skeletomotor activity and responses to noxious stimuli. Overall, anterior cingulate cortex appears to play a crucial role in initiation, motivation, and goal-directed behaviours. The anterior cingulate cortex is part of a larger matrix of structures that are engaged in similar functions. These structures form the rostral limbic system and include the amygdala, periaqueductal grey, ventral striatum, orbitofrontal and anterior insular cortices. The system formed by these interconnected areas assesses the motivational content of internal and external stimuli and regulates context-dependent behaviours.

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3,245 citations

"Evidence for topographic organizati..." refers background in this paper

...Paralimbic cortices in the cingulate gyrus concerned with motivation, emotion and drive (Devinsky et al., 1995; Paus, 2001) communicate with the cerebellum via their projections to the pontine nuclei (Vilensky and van Hoesen, 1981; Brodal et al., 1991)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome.

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Jeremy D. Schmahmann¹, Janet C. Sherman¹•Institutions (1)

Harvard University¹

01 Apr 1998-Brain

TL;DR: A constellation of deficits is suggestive of disruption of the Cerebellar modulation of neural circuits that link prefrontal, posterior parietal, superior temporal and limbic cortices with the cerebellum, called the 'cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome'.

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Abstract: Anatomical, physiological and functional neuroimaging studies suggest that the cerebellum participates in the organization of higher order function, but there are very few descriptions of clinically relevant cases that address this possibility. We performed neurological examinations, bedside mental state tests, neuropsychological studies and anatomical neuroimaging on 20 patients with diseases confined to the cerebellum, and evaluated the nature and severity of the changes in neurological and mental function. Behavioural changes were clinically prominent in patients with lesions involving the posterior lobe of the cerebellum and the vermis, and in some cases they were the most noticeable aspects of the presentation. These changes were characterized by: impairment of executive functions such as planning, set-shifting, verbal fluency, abstract reasoning and working memory; difficulties with spatial cognition including visual-spatial organization and memory; personality change with blunting of affect or disinhibited and inappropriate behaviour; and language deficits including agrammatism and dysprosodia. Lesions of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum produced only minor changes in executive and visual-spatial functions. We have called this newly defined clinical entity the 'cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome'. The constellation of deficits is suggestive of disruption of the cerebellar modulation of neural circuits that link prefrontal, posterior parietal, superior temporal and limbic cortices with the cerebellum.

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2,640 citations

"Evidence for topographic organizati..." refers background in this paper

...Clinical evaluation of a series of patients with cerebellar disorders designed to further elucidate the nature of the affective dysregulation in the CCAS allowed the identification of five domains of impairments (Schmahmann et al., 2007)....
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...…et al., 2000; Riva and Giorgi, 2000; Gebhart et al., 2002; Richter et al., 2007b) and agrammatism (Silveri et al., 1994; Zettin et al., 1997; Schmahmann and Sherman, 1998; Marien et al., 2001; Ackermann et al., 2004; Kalashnikova et al., 2005) generally arise following right cerebellar…...
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...These observations add weight to the original evidence (Schmahmann and Sherman, 1998; Levisohn et al., 2000) that focal cerebellar lesions may result in cognitive and emotional deficits in the absence of the cerebellar motor syndrome....
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...A critical test of the concept of a sensorimotor-cognitive dichotomy in cerebellar organization is whether the CCAS occurs in the absence of motor impairment....
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Book•

The cerebellum and neural control

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Masao Ito

01 Jun 1984

2,507 citations

"Evidence for topographic organizati..." refers background in this paper

...…on the basis of architectonic heterogeneity (Brodmann, 1909), but the main components of the cerebellar cortex are essentially uniform throughout (Ito, 1984), although differences are found in the preferential distribution of unipolar brush cells in the vestibulocerebellum and in the molecular…...
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