Evolución de la delincuencia en España: Análisis longitudinal con encuestas de victimización
01 Feb 2010-Vol. 8, Iss: 8, pp 1-27
TL;DR: In Espana no contamos con encuestas de victimizacion periodicas debido a que ningun organismo has asumido esta relevante tarea as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: En Espana no contamos con encuestas de victimizacion periodicas debido a que ningun organismo ha asumido esta relevante tarea. Para conocer el volumen y evolucion de la delincuencia en este pais ha habido que recurrir, hasta el momento, a las estadisticas oficiales como unico referente, siendo por todos conocidas las deficiencias que presentan estas fuentes por si solas para tales fines. La investigacion que presentamos en este articulo muestra un analisis de la realidad delictiva en Espana a partir de encuestas de victimizacion a nivel nacional. La comparacion longitudinal se ha realizado entre los dos pases internacionales de la ICVS (1989 y 2005) en los que Espana participo, y la encuesta realizada por el Observatorio de la Delincuencia (ODA) en 2009 con el mismo cuestionario ICVS. Con estas tres encuestas se ha podido realizar un analisis de la evolucion de la delincuencia en Espana en las ultimas dos decadas. Como comprobara el lector a lo largo de estas paginas, a pesar de que la opinion publica considera que la delincuencia en Espana ha aumentado en las decadas analizadas, los resultados de las encuestas de victimizacion muestran que en realidad ha descendido.
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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, Podria decirse que, in primera instancia, cualquier tarea of esta indole exige "hacer historia", o mejor aun: hacer memoria.
Abstract: ?A que nos referimos cuando hablamos de orden social? ?Que concepciones del ser humano y del mundo, que inmanencias ideologicas y que premisas etico-politicas sostienen la idea de orden dominante en nuestra sociedad? ?Cual es la base material de ese concepto y cual ha sido el recorrido historico de la construccion de ese orden? ?Bajo que formas de dominacion, legitimacion, reproduccion y control ? O mejor: ?que poderes castigan?, ?que se castiga, a quienes se castiga y como se castiga?, ?que informacion-poder dimana el castigo hacia el orden social? Todas esas preguntas apuntan al primero de los peajes a superar (el historico y epistemologico) como condicion necesaria para cualquier critica de la penalidad en el capitalismo. Podria decirse que, en primera instancia, cualquier tarea de esta indole exige "hacer historia", o mejor aun: hacer memoria. El analisis propuesto, que se pretende ?estructural no-estructuralista?, abordara las transformaciones institucionales, las tendencias politicas, la evolucion de los sectores economico y penal y los cambios sociales asociados a todos esos elementos ?cambios que darian verdadero sentido al estudio de la norma y sus funciones reales. El estudio de las condiciones en que el Estado espanol toco el techo de su crecimiento economico (para entrar con fuerza en la crisis de 2008) como lider del encarcelamiento en Europa occidental toma esa perspectiva. Se propone, pues, un estudio de la estructura y la superestructura en el neoliberalismo y de sus efectos sobre el gobierno de la penalidad. Es decir: un intento de comprender como se organiza y opera la gobernanza en un escenario globalizado y como repercute eso en las esferas interrelacionadas de lo penal y lo penitenciario, considerando para el caso espanol que, como apunta Bergalli, ?quiza sea el sistema penal el ambito donde los retrasos son mas patentes? . El economico, el juridico-politico y el sociologico son los tres principales enfoques en que se reparte este analisis del triangulo mercado-estado-carcel en el Reino de Espana. La pregunta que da origen a dicho analisis del auge punitivo en las ultimas tres decadas largas es, precisamente, ?como interpretarlo para cambiarlo?
70 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a discourse analytic framework is used to examine how xeno-racist ideas, claims and positions are metonymically worked through everyday opinions about "urban insecurity" as a crime-related construct.
Abstract: Socio-cultural approaches to fear of crime have suggested that responses to questionnaires may channel broader social attitudes towards other culturally-related topics which also shape the public meaning of ‘crime’, such as immigration. Building on this idea, this article uses a discourse analytic framework to examine how xeno-racist ideas, claims and positions are metonymically worked through everyday opinions about ‘urban insecurity’ as a crime-related construct. The analysis of open-ended interviews with ordinary citizens in Barcelona shows that the position of a ‘threatening Other’, typically afforded by the insecurity narrative, is pervasively constructed in xeno-racial terms, whether explicitly or by implication, but is rhetorically rejected on the narrative grounds of its alleged criminal acts. This xeno-racial version of the criminalized Other is itself managed in interaction as a sensitive topic through a set of deracialization strategies that displace rejection from the language of immigration towards culturally contiguous languages of incivilities, cultural differences and socioeconomic disadvantage. The article deepens the ideological versatility of discourses that subtly warrant the structural privilege of ‘natives’ vis-a-vis ‘immigrants’, thereby legitimizing a tenacious system of native supremacy.
22 citations
TL;DR: The conocimiento actual sobre etiologia, prevencion, and tratamiento de the delincuencia sexual, e científicos, e et al. as discussed by the authors, considera aqui imprescindible que la agresion sexual se prevenga ya desde la infancia y la adolescencia, mediante intervenciones educativas en los contextos de la familia, la escuela, and la justicia de menores.
20 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest the need for immediate prevention steps including comprehensive screening and segregation practices; better drug interdiction practices; and more evidence-based substance abuse treatment with and without integrated trauma treatment to ensure public health and safety.
12 citations
Dissertation•
13 Dec 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the determinants of residents' perceptions of neighbourhood crime are investigated, focusing specifically on a series of structural factors at the community level, in accordance with the social disorganisation model.
Abstract: This dissertation adopts a quantitative approach to investigate the determinants of residents? perceptions of neighbourhood crime, focusing specifically on a series of structural factors at the community level, in accordance with the social disorganisation model. Using different statistical models, including correlations, linear regression, multilevel models and spatial regression analyses, and several Spanish data sources, in particular the 2001 Population and Housing Census and a nationally representative survey conducted in 2006, the research confirms the relevance of its exogenous sources in explaining perceived neighbourhood crime. These include classical variables, such as neighbourhoods? socioeconomic status, residential stability, ethnic diversity, family disruption and degree of urbanisation, but also other features related to the time, skills and resources deployed by residents in their residential areas such as commuting time to work, the number of working hours and the availability of a second home. For its part, other local conditions traditionally associated specifically with perceived neighbourhood crime, such as social incivilities and physical decay, act as mediators of other contextual effects, in particular of the number of retail shops and offices.The research also demonstrates the urban nature of the social disorganisation theory. That is, that the local conditions typically associated with social disorganisation, urban unease and the various social problems that can affect neighbourhoods, are better predictors of residents? perceptions of crime in town and large cities than in rural areas, operationalized as municipalities of less than 5,000 inhabitants. Small municipalities seem particularly successful in controlling their younger residents for neither the proportion of adolescents and young adults, nor the number of children per family exert an important effect on residents? perceptions of neighbourhood crime.Among these local conditions, special attention has been devoted to measures of diversity and immigration demonstrating that their effect on residents? perceptions of neighbourhood crime, except for the positive impact of Asians, is not necessarily robust to different model specifications and statistical methods. This erratic immigrant effect is surprising given how consistent the belief in a crime-immigration nexus is among Spaniards.Precisely on this point, the dissertation has investigated why the belief in a crime-immigration nexus varies significantly between individuals and across communities. Three variables have been identified as determining factors: contextual parochialism, right-wing ideology and the media. In rural areas with high residential stability, a significant presence of elderly population and a low socioeconomic status, residents are more likely to unconsciously associate immigration and crime, even when individual attributes are adjusted for and, more importantly, even if few migrants live in the surroundings. Not surprisingly, right-wing residents are more likely to associate both phenomena yet, in contrast to many statements by scholars and pundits, the media in Spain seems to exert a moderator effect.
11 citations
Cites background from "Evolución de la delincuencia en Esp..."
...provincial level (García et al., 2010), such as number of detainees, persons incarcerated...
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...- 183 prove highly unreliable as its comparison with victimisation surveys have shown (García et al., 2010)....
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...However, several authors have pointed to the various measurement problems affecting official crime statistics (García et al., 2010), in particular when they...
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...Academics have been forced to rely almost exclusively on reported crime measures at the national or provincial level (García et al., 2010), such as number of detainees, persons incarcerated - 79 - or court appearances....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored a related hypothesis: that fear of crime is in part a byproduct of exposure to crime-saturated local television news and found that across a wide spectrum of the population and independent of local crime rates, viewing local TV news is related to increased fear of and concern about crime.
Abstract: Why has the public persisted in believing that violent crime is a widespread national problem in the U.S. despite declining trends in crime and the fact that crime is concentrated in urban locations? Cultivation theory suggests that widespread fear of crime is fueled in part by heavy exposure to violent dramatic programming on prime-time television. Here we explore a related hypothesis: that fear of crime is in part a by-product of exposure to crime-saturated local television news. To test this, as well as related and competing hypotheses, we analyzed the results of a recent national survey of perceived risk; a 5-year span of the General Social Survey (1990‐1994); and the results of a recent survey of over 2,300 Philadelphia residents. The results indicate that across a wide spectrum of the population and independent of local crime rates, viewing local television news is related to increased fear of and concern about crime. These results support cultivation theory’s predicted effects of television on the public. Violent crime was among the American public’s most important concerns during the 1990s. According to the 1994 Gallup Poll, concern about crime reached its highest point in history in that year. Nevertheless, both police arrest records (Fox & Zawitz, 2000) and annual victimization studies (Rennison, 2000) show that violent crime declined throughout the 1990s. Although it has since dipped in importance, crime continues to show up on surveys as a cause for national concern. Moreover, fear of crime is widespread despite the fact that violent crime tends to occur in low-income urban areas and not in the suburbs that house the majority of the population (Scheingold, 1995). Our research asks whether these polling data reflect the mugging of America not by violent crime but by television news accounts of it. In this research, we test several competing theories for the public’s persistent belief that violent crime is a widespread national problem.
388 citations
103 citations
"Evolución de la delincuencia en Esp..." refers background in this paper
...Y, por último, los cambios técnicos o de procedimiento en una misma encuesta de un pase a otro a lo largo del tiempo impiden análisis de tendencia sin los adecuados correctores (HEIMER et al, 2009; SCHWART et al, 2009)....
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62 citations
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, an estudio de campo desarrollado by the autora al objeto de verificar varias hipotesis relacionadas with el tratamiento informativo de la delincuencia.
Abstract: En el presente articulo se exponen los resultados de un estudio de campo desarrollado por la autora al objeto de verificar varias hipotesis relacionadas con el tratamiento informativo de la delincuencia. El estudio abarca un periodo de dos anos y se basa en los datos obtenidos de tres fuentes: las noticias sobre delincuencia en el diario El Pais, las encuestas de opinion mensuales del Centro de Investigaciones Sociologicas (CIS) y los datos oficiales sobre delincuencia. Del analisis realizado concluye la autora que el aumento considerable de la preocupacion y el miedo al delito, la inclusion del problema de la inseguridad ciudadana en los primeros puestos de la agenda politica del Gobierno y el subsiguiente giro hacia el modelo de "ley y orden", asi como la influencia de ciertos grupos de presion corporativos -en especial los sindicatos policiales y de los funcionarios de prisiones- son fenomenos directamente relacionados con la atencion mediatica y no responden a un importante y efectivo incremento de la tasa de delincuencia en Espana.
25 citations
27 Jun 2008
TL;DR: In the years 2003 and 2004 a liberal Spanish association of criminal law professors and criminal judges (Grupo de Estudios de Politica Criminal) made a paper proposing some reforms of the Spanish sentencing system as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the years 2003 and 2004 a liberal Spanish association of criminal law professors and criminal judges (Grupo de Estudios de Politica Criminal) made a paper proposing some reforms of the Spanish sentencing system The proposal was based on a negative vision of the evolution of sentencing in Spain, which was blamed for the increase in incarceration rates since the implementation of the new criminal code of 1995 The present paper explores the reasons of the increase of the prison population from 1996 until 2006, analyses the capacity of the reductionist proposals made by this Spanish association to revert the trends and discus possible objections to this kind of policy
24 citations