Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution and physiological roles of phosphagen systems
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TLDR
It is hypothesized that the capacity for intracellular targeting of CK evolved early as a means of facilitating energy transport in highly polarized cells and was subsequently exploited for temporal ATP buffering and dynamic roles in metabolic regulation in cells displaying high and variable rates of aerobic energy production.Abstract:
Phosphagens are phosphorylated guanidino compounds that are linked to energy state and ATP hydrolysis by corresponding phosphagen kinase reactions: phosphagen + MgADP + H(+) guanidine acceptor + MgATP. Eight different phosphagens (and corresponding phosphagen kinases) are found in the animal kingdom distributed along distinct phylogenetic lines. By far, the creatine phosphate/creatine kinase (CP/CK) system, which is found in the vertebrates and is widely distributed throughout the lower chordates and invertebrates, is the most extensively studied phosphagen system. Phosphagen kinase reactions function in temporal ATP buffering, in regulating inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels, which impacts glycogenolysis and proton buffering, and in intracellular energy transport. Phosphagen kinase reactions show differences in thermodynamic poise, and the phosphagens themselves differ in terms of certain physical properties including intrinsic diffusivity. This review evaluates the distribution of phosphagen systems and tissue-specific expression of certain phosphagens in an evolutionary and functional context. The role of phosphagens in regulation of intracellular Pi levels likely evolved early. Thermodynamic poise of the phosphagen kinase reaction profoundly impacts this capacity. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the capacity for intracellular targeting of CK evolved early as a means of facilitating energy transport in highly polarized cells and was subsequently exploited for temporal ATP buffering and dynamic roles in metabolic regulation in cells displaying high and variable rates of aerobic energy production.read more
Citations
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Mitochondrial creatine kinase in human health and disease
TL;DR: Under situations of compromised cellular energy state, two characteristics of mitochondrial creatine kinase are particularly relevant: its exquisite susceptibility to oxidative modifications and the compensatory up-regulation of its gene expression, in some cases leading to accumulation of crystalline MtCK inclusion bodies in mitochondria that are the clinical hallmarks for mitochondrial cytopathies.
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The spores of Phytophthora : weapons of the plant destroyer
TL;DR: Genetic tools and genomic resources developed over the past decade are allowing detailed analysis of these important stages in the Phytophthora life cycle, including survival and dispersal structures, and potent infectious propagules capable of actively locating hosts.
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Variation in the heat shock response and its implication for predicting the effect of global climate change on species' biogeographical distribution ranges and metabolic costs
TL;DR: Variation in the HSR has been shown to vary in species that occupy different thermal environments, and species from stable and highly variable environments are likely to be more affected by climate change than species from moderately variable environments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functions and effects of creatine in the central nervous system.
Robert H. Andres,Angélique Ducray,Uwe Schlattner,Uwe Schlattner,Theo Wallimann,Hans Rudolf Widmer +5 more
TL;DR: Findings and concepts on the role of creatine kinase and creatine in the central nervous system with special emphasis on pathological conditions and the positive effects of creatine supplementation are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
The proteomic response of the mussel congeners Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. trossulus to acute heat stress: implications for thermal tolerance limits and metabolic costs of thermal stress.
Lars Tomanek,Marcus J. Zuzow +1 more
TL;DR: The expression patterns of proteins involved in molecular chaperoning, proteolysis, energy metabolism, oxidative damage, cytoskeleton and deacetylation revealed a common loci of heat stress in both mussels but also showed a lower sensitivity to high-temperature damage in the warm-adapted M. galloprovincialis, which is consistent with its expanding range in warmer waters.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Intracellular compartmentation, structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands: the 'phosphocreatine circuit' for cellular energy homeostasis.
Skeletal muscle adaptability : Significance for metabolism and performance
TL;DR: The sections in this article are: Fiber Composition in Human Skeletal Muscle, Motor Unit Recruitment, Adaptive Response, and Significance of Adaptation.
OtherDOI
Skeletal Muscle Adaptability: Significance for Metabolism and Performance
Bengt Saltin,Philip D. Gollnick +1 more
TL;DR: The sections in this article are:============\/\/\/\/\/\/£££1.11\/\/£2.10\/\/£3\/\/£4\/\/£5\/\/£6.1\/\/£7.2\/\/£8\/\/£9\/\/£10\/\/ £1.7\/\/£11.5\/\/ £2.9\/\/ £3£3£4£4 £6.2£5.3£7\/\/ £7.4£8£9.5£10.2 £7======
Journal ArticleDOI
Transport of energy in muscle: the phosphorylcreatine shuttle
Samuel P. Bessman,Paul J. Geiger +1 more
TL;DR: It was proposed in 1951 that contracting muscle fibers liberate creatine, which acts to produce an acceptor effect--later called respiratory control--on the muscle mitochondria, which established a molecular basis for a phosphorylcreatine-creatine shuttle for energy transport in heart and skeletal muscle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Creatine-Creatine Phosphate Energy Shuttle
TL;DR: A parallel version of the MITOCHONDRIAL END of the CREATINE PHOSPHATE SHU TILE and the U SE of CREatine PHO SPHATE to REGENERATE ATP are studied.