Evolution, challenges and path forward for low temperature combustion engines
TL;DR: Low temperature combustion (LTC) is an advanced combustion concept for internal combustion (IC) engines, which has attracted global attention in recent years as discussed by the authors, which offers prominent benefits in terms of simultaneous reduction of both oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and particulate matter (PM), in addition to reduction in specific fuel consumption (SFC).
About: This article is published in Progress in Energy and Combustion Science.The article was published on 2017-07-01. It has received 320 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Internal combustion engine & Homogeneous charge compression ignition.
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01 Jun 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the scope for such improvement after discussing the basic principles that govern engine efficiency and the technologies to control exhaust pollution and show that the best in class SI engines in the U.S. have 14% lower fuel consumption compared to the average.
Abstract: Currently 99.8% of global transport is powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs) and 95% of transport energy comes from liquid fuels made from petroleum. Many alternatives including battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and other fuels like biofuels and hydrogen are being considered. However, all these alternatives start from a very low base and face very significant barriers to unlimited expansion so that 85–90% of transport energy is expected to come from conventional liquid fuels powering combustion engines even by 2040. Hence it is imperative that ICEs are improved in order to reduce the local and global environmental impact of transport. This paper considers the scope for such improvement after discussing the basic principles that govern engine efficiency and the technologies to control exhaust pollution. The great scope for such improvement is illustrated by considering various practical approaches already in the market. For instance, the best in class SI engines in the U.S. have 14% lower fuel consumption compared to the average. Engine and conventional powertrain developments alone could reduce the fuel consumption by over 30% for light duty vehicles (LDVs). Implementing other technologies such as hybridisation and light-weighting could reduce fuel consumption by 50% compared to the current average for LDVs. Current after-treatment technology can ensure that the exhaust pollutant levels meet the most stringent current emissions requirements. Indeed, with the most modern diesel vehicles, the exhaust can be cleaner than the intake air in urban centres. The implications for transport policy, particularly where there are plans to ban ICEs, are considered in the final discussion. All available technologies need to be deployed to mitigate the environmental impact of transport and it would be extremely short-sighted to discourage further development of ICEs by limiting their sales.
171 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of low temperature combustion (LTC) mode engines and provided a perspective plan to the researchers for enhancing the performance and emission behavior of an engine by using LTC mode with lower NOx and soot emissions.
Abstract: Low temperature combustion (LTC) is a recent engine technology that can reduce the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions simultaneously while maintaining higher thermal efficiency. The present review work investigates the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of LTC mode engines. Partially premixed LTC (PPLTC), homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) and reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) modes are researched under LTC mode. In recent decades, different engine strategies have been employed to reduce exhaust emissions and to enhance thermal efficiency. Exhaust gas recirculation, variable valve timing (VVT), advanced fuel injection technologies are adapted to achieve LTC mode in internal combustion (IC) engines to get improved outcomes. This review highlights the properties of fuels, fuel supply systems, valve actuation mechanisms, engine operating conditions and its effects on the engine characteristics. This review provides a perspective plan to the researchers for enhancing the performance, emission and combustion behavior of an engine by using LTC mode with lower NOx and soot emissions. Among LTC mode engines, RCCI mode engine operates well in 60% load, 60% premixed ratio, 35:1 air-fuel ratio and 56% brake thermal efficiency within the combustion phasing control.
139 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt is made to assemble and summarize a listing of important research articles on low-temperature combustion using a wide variety of conventional and alternate renewable fuels, and the effect of low temperature combustion on engine performance and emission characteristics over a wide range of engine test conditions.
131 citations
TL;DR: A brief review of the key studies pertaining to the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engines fueled with biodiesel blends, exhaust aftertreatment systems, and low-temperature combustion technology is presented.
Abstract: Biodiesels have gained much popularity because they are cleaner alternative fuels and they can be used directly in diesel engines without modifications. In this paper, a brief review of the key studies pertaining to the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engines fueled with biodiesel blends, exhaust aftertreatment systems, and low-temperature combustion technology is presented. In general, most biodiesel blends result in a significant decrease in carbon monoxide and total unburned hydrocarbon emissions. There is also a decrease in carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and total unburned hydrocarbon emissions while the engine performance increases for diesel engines fueled with biodiesels blended with nano-additives. The development of automotive technologies, such as exhaust gas recirculation systems and low-temperature combustion technology, also improves the thermal efficiency of diesel engines and reduces nitrogen oxide and particulate matter emissions.
127 citations
Cites background from "Evolution, challenges and path forw..."
...With lowtemperature combustion technology, it is possible to achieve high thermal efficiency and low NOx and PM emissions (Agarwal et al. 2017)....
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...One of the ways is to reduce the combustion temperature (Agarwal et al. 2017), which will reduce NOx emissions—pollutants that are known to be the contributors of PM, smog, acid rain, and tropospheric ozone....
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...…charge compression ignition (PCCI), (3) partially premixed combustion (PPC), (4) reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI), (5) high-efficiency clean combustion (HECC), (6) spark-assisted low-temperature combustion, and (7) laser-assisted low-temperature combustion (Agarwal et al. 2017)....
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TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study on the effects of energy substitution ratio (ESR) on the combustion characteristics and performance of a dual fuel engine fueled with diesel/methanol, diesel/ethanol and diesel/n-butanol was conducted experimentally.
103 citations
References
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TL;DR: Active Thermo-Atmosphere Combustion (ATAC) as discussed by the authors is a new lean combustion process for internal combustion engines that differs from conventional gasoline and diesel engine combustion processes.
Abstract: A new lean combustion process for internal combustion engines has been developed. This newly devised combustion system, designated as "Active Thermo-Atmosphere Combustion" (ATAC), differs from conventional gasoline and diesel engine combustion processes. ATAC can be applied most easily to two-stroke cycle gasoline engines. Stable combustion can be achieved with lean mixtures at part-throttle operation. With ATAC the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of two-stroke cycle spark-ignition engines are remarkably improved, and noise and vibration are reduced.
956 citations