Journal ArticleDOI
Examining the Diversity of Prosocial Behavior: Helping, Sharing, and Comforting in Infancy
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TLDR
The ability of 18- and 24-month-old infants to engage in three types of other-oriented behaviors, specifically helping, sharing, and comforting is examined, and there was no correlation between the tasks.Abstract:
Prosocial behaviors are a diverse group of actions that are integral to human social life. In this study, we examined the ability of 18- and 24-month-old infants to engage in three types of other-oriented behaviors, specifically helping, sharing, and comforting. Infants in both age groups engaged in more prosocial behavior on trials in which an unfamiliar adult experimenter required aid (experimental conditions) than on those in which she did not (control conditions) across two of the three prosocial tasks (i.e., helping and sharing). The infants engaged in these behaviors with similar frequency; however, there was no correlation between the tasks. The implications for the construct of prosocial behavior and the presence of a prosocial disposition are discussed.read more
Citations
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Culture-gene coevolution, norm-psychology and the emergence of human prosociality.
TL;DR: This work hypothesizes a norm-psychology: a suite of psychological adaptations for inferring, encoding in memory, adhering to, enforcing and redressing violations of the shared behavioral standards of one's community and outlines how this account organizes diverse empirical findings in the cognitive sciences and related disciplines.
Journal ArticleDOI
A mutualistic approach to morality: The evolution of fairness by partner choice
TL;DR: An approach to morality is developed as an adaptation to an environment in which individuals were in competition to be chosen and recruited in mutually advantageous cooperative interactions, and the best strategy is to treat others with impartiality and to share the costs and benefits of cooperation equally.
Journal ArticleDOI
Empathy as a driver of prosocial behaviour: highly conserved neurobehavioural mechanisms across species.
TL;DR: This paper integrates the perspectives of evolution, animal behaviour, developmental psychology, and social and clinical neuroscience to elucidate the understanding of the proximate mechanisms underlying empathy, focusing on processing of signals of distress and need, and their relation to prosocial behaviour.
Journal ArticleDOI
Moral Judgment and Action in Preverbal Infants and Toddlers Evidence for an Innate Moral Core
TL;DR: This article reviewed a recent body of research with infants and toddlers, demonstrating surprisingly sophisticated and flexible moral behavior and evaluation in a preverbal population whose opportunity for moral learning is limited at best.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ontogeny of prosocial behavior across diverse societies
Bailey R. House,Joan B. Silk,Joseph Henrich,H. Clark Barrett,Brooke A. Scelza,Adam H. Boyette,Barry S. Hewlett,Richard McElreath,Stephen Laurence +8 more
TL;DR: The ontogeny of prosocial behavior is examined by studying 326 children 3–14 y of age and 120 adults from six societies, including foragers, herders, horticulturalists, and urban dwellers across the Americas, Oceania, and Africa.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Eighteen-month-olds situate people within a psychological framework that differentiates between the surface behavior of people and a deeper level involving goals and intentions and showed that children could infer the adult's intended act by watching the failed attempts.