Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise therapy improves mental and physical health in schizophrenia: a randomised controlled trial
Thomas W. Scheewe,Frank J G Backx,Tim Takken,Frederike Jörg,A. C. P. van Strater,A. G. Kroes,René S. Kahn,Wiepke Cahn +7 more
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TLDR
The objective of this multicenter randomised clinical trial was to examine the effect of exercise versus occupational therapy on mental and physical health in schizophrenia patients.Abstract:
Objective
The objective of this multicenter randomised clinical trial was to examine the effect of exercise versus occupational therapy on mental and physical health in schizophrenia patients.
Method
Sixty-three patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to 2 h of structured exercise (n = 31) or occupational therapy (n = 32) weekly for 6 months. Symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and cardiovascular fitness levels (Wpeak and VO2peak), as assessed with a cardiopulmonary exercise test, were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures were the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Camberwell Assessment of Needs, body mass index, body fat percentage, and metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Results
Intention-to-treat analyses showed exercise therapy had a trend-level effect on depressive symptoms (P = 0.07) and a significant effect on cardiovascular fitness, measured by Wpeak (P < 0.01), compared with occupational therapy. Per protocol analyses showed that exercise therapy reduced symptoms of schizophrenia (P = 0.001), depression (P = 0.012), need of care (P = 0.050), and increased cardiovascular fitness (P < 0.001) compared with occupational therapy. No effect for MetS (factors) was found except a trend reduction in triglycerides (P = 0.08).
Conclusion
Exercise therapy, when performed once to twice a week, improved mental health and cardiovascular fitness and reduced need of care in patients with schizophrenia.read more
Citations
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American association of clinical endocrinologists and american college of endocrinology comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for medical care of patients with obesity.
W. Timothy Garvey,Jeffrey I. Mechanick,Elise M. Brett,Alan J. Garber,Daniel L. Hurley,Ania M. Jastreboff,Karl Nadolsky,Rachel Pessah-Pollack,Raymond A Plodkowski +8 more
TL;DR: The final recommendations recognize that obesity is a complex, adiposity-based chronic disease, where management targets both weight-related complications and adiposity to improve overall health and quality of life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis
TL;DR: Physical exercise is an effective intervention for depression and it also could be a viable adjunct treatment in combination with antidepressants.
Journal ArticleDOI
A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions in schizophrenia patients
TL;DR: Interventions that implement a sufficient dose of exercise, in supervised or group settings, can be feasible and effective interventions for schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motivating factors and barriers towards exercise in severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: Many of the desirable outcomes of exercise for people with SMI, such as mood improvement, stress reduction and increased energy, are inversely related to the barriers of depression, stress and fatigue which frequently restrict their participation in exercise.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise and the treatment of depression: a review of the exercise program variables
Robert Stanton,Peter Reaburn +1 more
TL;DR: There is evidence for the use supervised aerobic exercise, undertaken three times weekly at moderate intensity for a minimum of nine weeks in the treatment of depression, and further research on the manipulation of program variables is warranted.
References
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Book
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change.
Stuart Montgomery,Marie Åsberg +1 more
TL;DR: The construction of a depression rating scale designed to be particularly sensitive to treatment effects is described, and its capacity to differentiate between responders and non-responders to antidepressant treatment was better than the HRS, indicating greater sensitivity to change.
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The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition
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Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercise
Carol Ewing Garber,Bryan Blissmer,Michael R. Deschenes,Barry A. Franklin,Michael J. LaMonte,I-Min Lee,David C. Nieman,David P. Swain +7 more
TL;DR: The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in healthy adults is discussed in the position stand of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Position Stand.
Journal ArticleDOI
Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years
J. V. G. A. Durnin,J. Womersley +1 more
TL;DR: Skinfold thicknesses at four sites – biceps, triceps, subscapular and supra-iliac – and total body density were measured on 209 males and 272 females aged from 16 to 72 years, finding it necessary to use the logarithm of skinfold measurements in order to achieve a linear relationship with body density.