Exogenous calcium alleviates the impact of cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Lens culinaris medic. Seedlings through modulation of antioxidant enzyme activities
27 Dec 2012-Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology (The Korean Society of Crop Science)-Vol. 15, Iss: 4, pp 325-334
TL;DR: Ca priming in the media significantly reduced the Cd accumulation and considerably alleviated the adverse impact of Cd treatment by modulating the antioxidant enzyme activity, which enhanced fresh mass of plant parts as the sign of Ca-mediated normal growth in Cd-treated lentil seedlings.
Abstract: The effect of calcium (Ca) on lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) seedlings exposed to cadmium (Cd) stress was studied by investigating plant growth and antioxidant enzyme activities. Plants were grown for 14 days in full-strength Hoagland nutrient media supplemented with Cd concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 40 μM, and on corresponding medium supplied with 5 mM Ca(NO3)2 prior to Cd addition. Increasing Cd led to accumulation of metal and reduced the fresh weight of the shoots more strongly than that of the roots. Cd concentrations of 20 and 40 μM were selected to study its toxic effect on seedlings. Activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase decreased at much higher magnitude in the shoots than those observed in the roots under Cd exposure. Failure of antioxidant defense in scavenging of reactive oxygen species was evidenced by abnormal rise in H2O2, resulting in enhancement of lipid peroxidation and membrane electrolyte leakage as the marks of Cd-induced oxidative stress in lentil seedlings. Ca priming in the media significantly reduced the Cd accumulation and considerably alleviated the adverse impact of Cd treatment by modulating the antioxidant enzyme activity. Mitigation of Cd-induced stress by Ca application was strongly suggested by declining levels of H2O2 and consequent lowering of oxidative damage of membrane. Consequently, this enhanced fresh mass of plant parts as the sign of Ca-mediated normal growth in Cd-treated lentil seedlings.
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TL;DR: ROS is introduced and their relationship with abiotic stress-caused consequences in crop plants is highlighted, and the various physiological/biochemical aspects of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in stressed crop plants are examined.
Abstract: Stress factors provoke enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. ROS that escape antioxidant-mediated scavenging/detoxification react with biomolecules such as cellular lipids and proteins and cause irreversible damage to the structure of these molecules, initiate their oxidation, and subsequently inactivate key cellular functions. The lipid- and protein-oxidation products are considered as the significant oxidative stress biomarkers in stressed plants. Also, there exists an abundance of information on the abiotic stress-mediated elevations in the generation of ROS, and the modulation of lipid and protein oxidation in abiotic stressed plants. However, the available literature reflects a wide information gap on the mechanisms underlying lipid- and protein-oxidation processes, major techniques for the determination of lipid- and protein-oxidation products, and on critical cross-talks among these aspects. Based on recent reports, this article (a) introduces ROS and highlights their relationship with abiotic stress-caused consequences in crop plants, (b) examines critically the various physiological/biochemical aspects of oxidative damage to lipids (membrane lipids) and proteins in stressed crop plants, (c) summarizes the principles of current technologies used to evaluate the extent of lipid and protein oxidation, (d) synthesizes major outcomes of studies on lipid and protein oxidation in plants under abiotic stress, and finally, (e) considers a brief cross-talk on the ROS-accrued lipid and protein oxidation, pointing to the aspects unexplored so far.
229 citations
Cites background from "Exogenous calcium alleviates the im..."
...For example, an increased accumulation of MDA (a lipid-peroxidation product) was more pronounced in shoots than in roots of the Cdexposed lentil (Lens culinaris) seedlings (Talukdar 2012)....
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TL;DR: This investigation suggests that application of Ca and/or K can efficiently minimize Cd-toxicity and eventually improve health and yield in C. arietinum by the cumulative outcome of the enhanced contents of organic solute, secondary metabolites, mineral elements, and activity of antioxidant defense enzymes.
Abstract: The present work was conducted to examine the role of exogenously applied calcium (Ca; 50 mM) and potassium (K; 10 mM) (alone and in combination) in alleviating the negative effects of cadmium (Cd; 200 μM) on growth, biochemical attributes, secondary metabolites and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Cd stress significantly decreased length and fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, and number of pods and seed yield (vs. control). Exhibition of decreases in chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and total Chl was also observed with Cd-exposure when compared to control. However, Cd-exposure led to an increase in the content of carotenoid. In contrast, the exogenous application of Ca and K individually as well as in combination minimized the extent of Cd-impact on previous traits. C. arietinum seedlings subjected to Cd treatment exhibited increased contents of organic solute (proline, Pro) and total protein; whereas, Ca and K-supplementation further enhanced the Pro and total protein content. Additionally, compared to control, Cd-exposure also caused elevation in the contents of oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxidase, H2O2; malondialdehyde, MDA) and in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; glutathione reductase, GR). Ca, K and Ca + K supplementation caused further enhancements in the activity of these enzymes but significantly decreased contents of H2O2 and MDA, also that of Cd in shoot and root. The contents of total phenol, flavonoid and mineral elements (S, Mn, Mg, Ca and K) that were also suppressed in Cd stressed plants in both shoot and root were restored to appreciable levels with Ca- and K-supplementation. However, the combination of Ca + K supplementation was more effective in bringing the positive response as compared to individual effect of Ca and K on Cd-exposed C. arietinum. Overall, this investigation suggests that application of Ca and/or K can efficiently minimize Cd-toxicity and eventually improve health and yield in C. arietinum by the cumulative outcome of the enhanced contents of organic solute, secondary metabolites and mineral elements, and activity of antioxidant defense enzymes.
187 citations
Cites background from "Exogenous calcium alleviates the im..."
...Ca also plays regulatory role in plant cell metabolism, signal transduction and in the absorption of nutrients across cell membranes (Talukdar, 2012; El-Beltagi and Mohamed, 2013)....
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...Recent studies reported that application of Ca was found to be effective in enhancing the tolerance of plant to Cd stress by enhancing antioxidant systems (Siddique et al., 2012; Talukdar, 2012; El-Beltagi and Mohamed, 2013)....
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...Ca binds to the membrane phospholoipids thus stabilizing the lipid bilayer and providing the structural integrity (Hirschi, 2004; Yousuf et al., 2015) and is exhibited by the reduced MDA content in the plants treated with Ca (Siddique et al., 2012; Talukdar, 2012; Li et al., 2016)....
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...Talukdar (2012) reported that mitigation of Cd-induced stress by Ca application was due to decline in the levels of H2O2 accumulation and consequently protects the membranes from oxidative damage....
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...Plants can easily uptake Cd by roots and transport it to shoots, which eventually cause toxicity there (Talukdar, 2012; Abdel Latef, 2013)....
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TL;DR: Results suggested that AMF can protect cucumber growth from salt stress, with significant reductions in the uptake of deleterious ions like Na+.
168 citations
TL;DR: It is confirmed that, the positive responses in salt-stressed rice seedlings to exogenous Ca were for Ca mediated improvement of ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system.
Abstract: The present study investigates the regulatory role of exogenous calcium (Ca) in developing salt stress tolerance in rice seedlings. Hydroponically grown 13-d-old rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BRRI dhan47) seedlings were exposed to 200 mM NaCl alone and combined with 2 mM CaCl2 and 2 mM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA, a Ca scavenger) for three days. The salt stress caused growth inhibition, chlorosis and water shortage in the rice seedlings. The salt-induced stress disrupted ion homeostasis through Na+ influx and K+ efflux, and decreased other mineral nutrient uptake. Salt-induced stress caused oxidative stress in rice seedlings through lipid peroxidation, loss of plasma membrane integrity, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and methylglyoxal (MG) formation. The salt-stressed rice seedlings supplemented with exogenous Ca recovered from water loss, chlorosis and growth inhibition. Calcium supplementation in the salt-stressed rice seedlings improved ion homeostasis by inhibition of Na+ influx and K+ leakage. Exogenous Ca also improved ROS and MG detoxification by improving the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems, respectively. On the other hand, applying EGTA along with salt and Ca again negatively affected the rice seedlings as EGTA negated Ca activity. It confirms that, the positive responses in salt-stressed rice seedlings to exogenous Ca were for Ca mediated improvement of ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system.
164 citations
Cites background from "Exogenous calcium alleviates the im..."
...…Ca in plant growth medium helps to develop abiotic-stress tolerance by maintaining ion homeostasis (Wu and Wang, 2012), enhancing the antioxidant defense system and other physiological and biochemical attributes (Manivannan et al., 2007; Talukdar, 2012; Srivastava et al., 2014; Ahmad et al., 2015)....
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TL;DR: New insight is provided that calcium plays important roles in plant growth, heavy metal accumulation and translocation, photosynthesis, oxidative damage and signal transduction under cadmium stress, and plants with enhanced Ca level have improved resistance to Cd stress.
Abstract: This review provides new insight that calcium plays important roles in plant growth, heavy metal accumulation and translocation, photosynthesis, oxidative damage and signal transduction under cadmium stress.
Increasing heavy metal pollution problems have raised word-wide concerns. Cadmium (Cd), being a highly toxic metal, poses potential risks both to ecosystems and human health. Compared with conventional technologies, phytoremediation, being cost-efficient, highly stable and environment-friendly, is believed to be a promising green technology for Cd decontamination. However, Cd can be easily taken up by plants and may cause severe phytotoxicity to plants, thus limiting the efficiency of phytoremediation. Various researches are being done to investigate the effects of exogenous substances on the mitigation of Cd toxicity to plants. Calcium (Ca) is an essential plant macronutrient that involved in various plant physiological processes, such as plant growth and development, cell division, cytoplasmic streaming, photosynthesis and intracellular signaling transduction. Due to the chemical similarity between Ca and Cd, Ca may mediate Cd-induced physiological or metabolic changes in plants. Recent studies have shown that Ca could be used as an exogenous substance to protect plants against Cd stress by the alleviation of growth inhibition, regulation of metal uptake and translocation, improvement of photosynthesis, mitigation of oxidative damages and the control of signal transduction in the plants. The effects of Ca on toxic concentrations of Cd in plants are reviewed. This review also provides new insight that plants with enhanced Ca level have improved resistance to Cd stress.
158 citations
Cites background from "Exogenous calcium alleviates the im..."
...In lentil seedlings, Cd treatment presented an upward trend of H2O2 in plants shoots and roots, while the addition of Ca notably reduced the H2O2 levels of the Cd-treated seedlings (Talukdar 2012)....
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...10, 20 or 40 lM 5 mM Decreased Cd accumulation; declined H2O2 and MDA levels, enhanced fresh weight; modulated SOD, APX, CAT, DHAR and GR activities Talukdar (2012)...
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...Similarly, the addition of Ca to the culture media considerably mitigated Cd-induced oxidative stress by regulating the activities of SOD, APX, CAT, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the shoots and roots of Lens culinaris Medic. seedlings (Talukdar 2012)....
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...The decrease of lipid peroxidation induced by the application of Ca under Cd stress has also been found in L. culinaris Medic., P. sativum L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. (Talukdar 2012; El-Beltagi and Mohamed 2013; Farzadfar et al. 2013)....
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TL;DR: Key steps of the signal transduction pathway that senses ROIs in plants have been identified and raise several intriguing questions about the relationships between ROI signaling, ROI stress and the production and scavenging ofROIs in the different cellular compartments.
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TL;DR: A detailed account of current knowledge of the biosynthesis, compartmentation, and transport of these two important antioxidants, with emphasis on the unique insights and advances gained by molecular exploration are provided.
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5,450 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a modified version of the TBARS method was proposed for assessing the presence of malondialdehyde (MDA) and other non-MDA compounds absorbing at 532 nm.
Abstract: The occurrence of malondialdehyde (MDA), a secondary end product of the oxidation of polyunsatu- rated fatty acids, is considered a useful index of general lipid peroxidation A common method for measuring MDA, referred to as the thiobarbituric acid-reactive- substances (TBARS) assay, is to react it with thiobar- bituric acid (TBA) and record the absorbance at 532 nm However, many plants contain interfering compounds that also absorb at 532 nm, leading to overestimation of MDA values Extracts of plant tissues including purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L) fruit, carrot (Daucus carota L) roots, and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L) leaves were assessed for the presence of MDA and other non-MDA compounds absorbing at 532 nm A method described herein corrects for these interferences by subtracting the absorbance at 532 nm of a solution containing plant extract incubated without TBA from an identical solution containing TBA The reliability and eAciency of this spectrophotometric method was assessed by altering the relative ratios of exogenous MDA additions and/or extracts of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L) leaves containing inter- fering compounds and then measuring MDA recovery Reliability was also validated through high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques Results indicated that over 90% of exogenously added MDA could be recovered through the improved protocol If there were no corrections for interfering compounds, MDA equivalents were overestimated by up to 965% Interfering compounds were not detected in vegetables such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) and spinach which had low or negligible concentrations of anthocyanidin derivatives Comparisons between the TBARS method presented here and two currently accepted protocols indicated that the new modified method exhibits greater accuracy for quantifying TBA-MDA levels in tissues containing anthocyanins and/or other interfering com- pounds This modified protocol represents a facile and rapid method for assessment of lipid peroxidation in virtually all plant species that contain interfering com- pounds
3,090 citations
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