Exosomes for drug delivery - a novel application for the mesenchymal stem cell.
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...Further, exosomes have a long circulating half-life, are well tolerated by the human body, and capable of not only penetrating cellular membranes but also potentially targeting specific cell types, which makes them an even better candidate for such immunological applications [78]....
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...While methods are still being developed for introduction of RNA and protein to exosomes, and to target these exosomes to a specific region of the body, the ability to load both protein and genetic material into exosomes is yet another advantage making exosomes an attractive drug delivery system [78]....
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1,197 citations
Cites background from "Exosomes for drug delivery - a nove..."
...Moreover, exosomes were harnessed for systemic delivery of exogenous siRNA across the biological barriers [20, 33, 37-39]....
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...In this respect, several reports indicated that exosomes may have an immune privileged status that can efficiently decrease drug clearance [20-22]....
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...Therefore, several investigations suggested harnessing this natural mechanism of protein and genetic material transfer for the delivery of different therapeutics [20, 33-39, 74]....
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891 citations
Cites background from "Exosomes for drug delivery - a nove..."
...In general, the formation of exosomes consists of three different stages: (1) the formation of endocytic vesicles from plasma membrane, (2) the inward budding of the endosomal vesicle membrane resulting in MVBs that consist of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), and (3) the fusion of these MVBs with the plasma membrane, which releases the vesicular contents, known as exosomes(7) (Fig....
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783 citations
References
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"Exosomes for drug delivery - a nove..." refers background in this paper
...Intercellular transfer of mRNAs by exosomes that resulted in the translation of the transferred mRNA in the recipient cells has also been reported (Valadi et al., 2007)....
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4,572 citations
"Exosomes for drug delivery - a nove..." refers background in this paper
...They have many positive attributes that are pivotal in their function as drug delivery vehicles (reviewed (Torchilin, 2005))....
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...Despite significant advances in the design and efficacy of synthetic liposomes as drug delivery vehicles (Torchilin, 2005), the ideal liposome vehicle that could evade host immune system, be internalized specifically by the target cells, have sufficiently long circulating half-life, minimal…...
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4,264 citations
"Exosomes for drug delivery - a nove..." refers background in this paper
...…et al., 2002; Le Blanc et al., 2003; Potian et al., 2003; Tse et al., 2003), induce an antiinflammatory tolerant phenotype in dendritic cells (DCs), naive and effector T cells and natural killer (NK) cells (Aggarwal and Pittenger, 2005) and inhibit B cell proliferation (Corcione et al., 2006)....
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4,118 citations