Expanding mandate and corporate social responsibility in the management of National Parks and protected areas in Nigeria
01 Jan 2010-Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (Istituto Agronomico per l'Oltremare)-Vol. 104, pp 25-38
TL;DR: In this article, the authors posits that to sustain conservation in Nigeria and beyond, the State should establish Conservation Agency that will collaborate with conservation partners, encourage community participation and seek partnership with other stakeholders to promote rural development and capacity building amongst indigenous populations within protected areas.
Abstract: Park’s objectives in Nigeria have evolved and been added over time. Four main phases are evident: Establishment of reserves to protect game, fauna; preservation of spectacular landscapes including cultural and scientific sites for the benefit, enjoyment and education of the public (Roosevolt 1929); Conservation of biological diversity from genes to ecosystem and evolutionary processes (Decree 11 (1985) and decree 35 (1991).
The last and most recent phase places increasing emphasis on the challenges of land and resource alienation on indigenous populations that answers to protected areas. The first three phases have been largely achieved through establishment of fortress conservation called National parks, reserves and Protected areas. The State’s seeming failure to meet the
challenges of the fourth and recent phase has exposed the poverty of fortress conservation and threatened the integrity of protected areas. This paper posits that to sustain conservation in Nigeria and beyond, the State should establish Conservation Agency that will collaborate with conservation partners, encourage community participation and seek partnership with other stakeholders to promote rural development and capacity building amongst indigenous populations within protected areas.
Citations
More filters
03 May 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine ways in which national parks in various nations employ the collaboration of stakeholders in park management and conflict resolution by focusing on four countries: Germany, Japan, Nigeria and Vietnam.
Abstract: National Parks (NPs) are established with the aim of protecting important natural environments. However, numerous conflicts have emerged due to the introduction of park rules restricting local communities from utilising resources within national parks. The aim of this paper is to examine ways in which national parks in various nations employ the collaboration of stakeholders in park management and conflict resolution by focusing on four countries: Germany, Japan, Nigeria and Vietnam. A review of literature available in multiple languages, analysis of administrative documents and informal interview were the methods adopted. We show that challenges hindering comanagement in the four countries range from unclear responsibilities of various actors, to weak institutionalised framework, and centralisation of park management. The result implicates that each country can learn different techniques of co-management from other countries, leading to more productive approaches towards national park management and conflict resolution in and around national parks.
2 citations
Cites background from "Expanding mandate and corporate soc..."
...Local users in Tram Chim Na onal Park © Van Hoang Nguyen PARKS VOL 25.1 MAY 2019 | 76 within host communities (Ewah, 2010; Odebiyi et al., 2015)....
[...]
...1 MAY 2019 | 76 within host communities (Ewah, 2010; Odebiyi et al., 2015)....
[...]
...As NPs in Nigeria are found within underdeveloped communities that depend on local natural resources for their livelihood, their encroachment into NPs in order to provide for themselves is exacerbated by their exclusion from park management (Ewah, 2010)....
[...]
01 May 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the implications of the construction of Butatong-Okwangwo-Okwa road for vehicular transport across Okwangwo rainforest in Cross River National Park has been researched and documented.
Abstract: The implications of the construction of Butatong-Okwangwo-Okwa road for vehicular transport across Okwangwo rainforest in Cross River National Park has been researched and documented. The study between January and March 2009, revealed an unplanned arrival of state sponsored Land Rovers and motorcycles in Okwangwo, Okwa I and Okwa II enclaved communities. This attracted an increased flow of traffic into enclave communities especially amongst indigenes in Diaspora. The study also proved that transporters were equally enjoying high patronage despite prohibitive fares. Notwithstanding, these seeming of advantages of a seasonal road, the negative impact of 'unplanned' presence of vehicles has brought to the fore, the contradictions between conservation and development. This has led to increased pollution of the Oyi river, expansion of farmlands and logging, thus reducing the size and integrity of the community forest as well as increased pressure and insecurity in protected park area. Can the contradictions between conservation and development amongst rural communities in protected area be transcended? The study reveals that the unplanned arrival of Land Rovers and motor cycles to Okwangwo enclave community pose serious environmenta l challenges that will threaten the integrity of the rainforest area. The study posits that to maintain the rainforest integrity, training and empowerment in non-agro forestry, means of livelihoods, programmed resettlement, recognition of community rights and partnership in the management of protected areas, should precede spatial development, especially construction of vehicular roads. These pre-conditions will move protected areas from fortress conservation towards sustainable agro-forestry insurance policy for local custodians, the state and the international community.
2 citations
Cites background from "Expanding mandate and corporate soc..."
...There are less than twenty post-secondary school graduates; less than one hundred post-primary school leavers and less than two hundred pupils in the three primary schools (Ewah 2009)....
[...]
...Modern development is hindered by a number of factors including lack of access roads, vehicular transport, markets, poor health-care de- livery system and limited access to primary, secondary and tertiary education (Ewah 2009)....
[...]
...The forest also provides water and the basis for social interaction, cultural celebration, and deep interconnections between the physical and the spiritual (Ash 1987; see also Ewah 2009)....
[...]
...Relocation of youths from enclave communities to urban centres, leaves behind a large population of elders who engage in either hunting, foraging or farming (Ewah 2009)....
[...]
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: There is little discussion regarding natural resources management issues in Nigeria, unlike many other places around the world, where such issues have made significant contributions to research growth as mentioned in this paper, which is a troubling situation that complicates Nigeria's present need to address her increasing sequence of aggravations related to land cover modifications.
Abstract: There is little discussion regarding natural resources management issues in Nigeria, unlike many other places around the world, where such issues have made significant contributions to research growth. This is a troubling situation that complicates Nigeria's present need to address her increasing sequence of aggravations related to land cover modifications. Sustainable use of land, water, solid minerals, and forest is difficult and overwhelms local efforts. Demographic pressures and the corresponding need for developments and societal livability have a proclivity to overuse land resources and impact negatively on their present quality and future regeneration. Traditional and indigenous approaches are still the bases of natural resources management. The cumulative challenges of these issues with other prevalent anomalies are increasingly compromising Nigeria's land resources base. However, geo-spatial technology with its potential for policy and decision-support is being set forth to address these challenges and to fill the current gaps in knowledge of natural resources management.
02 Sep 2019
TL;DR: In this paper, the ecological impacts of human settlement on trees in Oban and Okwangwo Forests of Cross River National Park located in Nigeria was carried out in the park with the view of providing information on the activities of the support zones and enclave communities in both (Oban and okwangwo) divisions of the park.
Abstract: The ecological impacts of human settlement on trees in Oban and Okwangwo Forests of Cross River National Park located in Nigeria was carried out in the park with the view of providing information on the activities of the support zones and enclave communities in both (Oban and Okwangwo) divisions of the park. Surveillance tours were carried out in company of the park rangers in the park and enclave communities. Each division was divided into two (2) zones each (core and peripheral) for ease of coverage. Plots were randomly selected in each study site at regular number of paces (fixed interval) to avoid coincidence.
Data collections and observations were carried out for a period of four (4) months in both divisions. Random Sampling method was used for the study. Eight (8) plots of size 50 each were marked out using wooden pegs with red ribbon tied across the pegs in the core zones in both divisions (Oban and okwangwo). Same was applicable to the peripheral zones in both divisions giving a total number of 32 plots. The total number of trees per plot was determined by direct stem count and trees with 30 cm girth and above was considered for the count. The total number of trees counted in the core zones was (Oban 141 and Okwangwo 162) and the peripheral zones (Oban 120 and Okwangwo 127). Descriptive statistics was applied on the data to determine the mean, standard deviation and range. The T-test for tree counted in Oban (Table 3) reveals that Tcal(1.161)≤Ttab(2.365) and the difference had a mean of 3.875, TCal ≤ Ttab at 5% level of significance. The T-test for tree counts in Okwangwo (Table 6) shows that Tcal(3.040)≥Ttab(2.365), TCal ≥ Ttab at 5% level of significance. F-statistics (Table 8) revealed a significance level in their differences, Ftab (p=0.05) df (7,7) = 3.79, FCal = 5.384.
This calls for fast action on the resettlement of the enclave communities and provision of alternative sources of income for the support zones and enclave communities. Strategies should be adopted and improved upon if biodiversity is to be conserved. These strategies are embedded in increasing staff strength, well equipped and dedicated rangers as well as the absence of surrounding enclave communities.
Cites background or result from "Expanding mandate and corporate soc..."
...Livelihood analysis in park-edge communities have also revealed that wide variation exist in socio economic status among the local communities such that poorer households engage in activities such as illegal resources use and extraction while usually households are less dependent on forest resources [16,17]....
[...]
...It was also discovered that the work strength of the park especially the rangers is low and lacks motivation and this results to poor protection of the park and is in conformity with the works of [17,9] that both divisions of Cross River National Park are poorly protected and are threatened by illegal logging, slash and burn farming, sanctuaries for poachers and expanding farmlands are gradually eroding the park from within....
[...]
20 Jan 2018
TL;DR: In this article, a study was designed to evaluate the influence of conservation education advocacy on the youths with regards to career attractiveness, where the authors adopted a two-stage sampling technique in selecting one hundred and fifty seven (157) respondents from three secondary schools within the operational base of the PANDRILLUS FOUNDATION.
Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the influence of conservation education advocacy on the youths with regards to career attractiveness. The study adopted a two - stage sampling technique in selecting one hundred and fifty seven (157) respondents from three secondary schools within the operational base of the PANDRILLUS FOUNDATION. The results indicated that majority (49.7%) of the respondents were in Senior Secondary Two (SS2), 59.2% of the respondents were male while 52.2% were within the age bracket of 17 – 19years. Conservation Education (CE) messages with high index scores above 0.700, profiled by the respondents included impact of deforestation, agroforestry, afforestation/ enrichment planting, land rotation, and global warming/ climate change. Over 75% of the respondents professed that the conservation education has positive impact on them, 99.4% of the sampled respondent showed attitudinal deposition towards career in environmental conservation related discipline. Environmental management, Forestry, Horticulture and landscaping, Veterinary medicine, and Wildlife conservation/management, had well above 50% embrace by the respondents. Development of environmental extension programme, use of methods that motivate listenership and programme evaluation were among the recommendations advanced to enhance the efficiency of governmental and nongovernmental institutions involve in environmental management
Cites background from "Expanding mandate and corporate soc..."
...…funds derived from royalties and community tax to partner with Cross River State Poverty Reduction Agency / World Bank to construct and equip a vocational training center for skills acquisition on nonforestry dependent vocations especially eco-tourism (EWAH, 2010; PANDRILLUS FOUNDATION, 2008)....
[...]
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: Martinez-Alier as mentioned in this paper analyzed several manifestations of the growing environmental justice system, and also of popular environmentalism and the "environmentalism of the poor", which will be seen in the coming decades as driving forces in the process to achieve an ecologically sustainable society.
Abstract: This text has the explicit intention of helping to establish two emerging fields of study - political ecology and ecological economics - whilst also investigating the relations between them. The book analyses several manifestations of the growing "environmental justice system", and also of "popular environmentalism" and the "environmentalism of the poor", which will be seen in the coming decades as driving forces in the process to achieve an ecologically sustainable society. The author studies in detail many ecological distribution conflicts in history and at present, in urban and rural settings, showing how poor people often favour resource conservation. The environment is thus not so much a luxury of the rich as a necessity of the poor. It concludes with the fundamental questions: who has the right to impose a language of valuation and who has the power to simplify complexity? Joan Martinez-Alier combines the study of ecological conflicts and the study of environmental evaluation in an appraoch that should appeal to a wide cross-section of academics, ecologists and environmentalists.
688 citations
Book•
01 Dec 1987
TL;DR: A comprehensive guide to fundamental ecological principles in tropical moist forest lands is presented in this paper to encompass our increased knowledge and understandings of the complexities of forest management, including the effects of government policies, land allocation and infrastructure development in forest lands.
Abstract: A comprehensive guide to fundamental ecological principles in tropical moist forest lands. This edition has been revised to encompass our increased knowledge and understandings of the complexities of forest management. It addresses the cross-cutting issues: the effects of government policies, land allocation and infrastructure development in forest lands. An analysis is made regarding various forest uses: forests for wood, forests for agriculture and forests for nature conservation and environmental protection.
55 citations