Experimental and Numerical Analysis for Earth-Fill Dam Seepage
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the seepage through earth-fill dams using physical, mathematical, and numerical models, and the results revealed that both mathematical calculations using L. Casagrande solutions and the SEEP/W numerical model have a plotted SEepage line compatible with the observed SEEPage line in the physical model.
Abstract: Earth-fill dams are the most common types of dam and the most economical choice. However, they are more vulnerable to internal erosion and piping due to seepage problems that are the main causes of dam failure. In this study, the seepage through earth-fill dams was investigated using physical, mathematical, and numerical models. Results from the three methods revealed that both mathematical calculations using L. Casagrande solutions and the SEEP/W numerical model have a plotted seepage line compatible with the observed seepage line in the physical model. However, when the seepage flow intersected the downstream slope and when piping took place, the use of SEEP/W to calculate the flow rate became useless as it was unable to calculate the volume of water flow in pipes. This was revealed by the big difference in results between physical and numerical models in the first physical model, while the results were compatible in the second physical model when the seepage line stayed within the body of the dam and low compacted soil was adopted. Seepage analysis for seven different configurations of an earth-fill dam was conducted using the SEEP/W model at normal and maximum water levels to find the most appropriate configuration among them. The seven dam configurations consisted of four homogenous dams and three zoned dams. Seepage analysis revealed that if sufficient quantity of silty sand soil is available around the proposed dam location, a homogenous earth-fill dam with a medium drain length of 0.5 m thickness is the best design configuration. Otherwise, a zoned earth-fill dam with a central core and 1:0.5 Horizontal to Vertical ratio (H:V) is preferred.
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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The advanced soil mechanics is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you for downloading advanced soil mechanics. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this advanced soil mechanics, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. advanced soil mechanics is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the advanced soil mechanics is universally compatible with any devices to read.
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that dams fragment the fluvial system of the continental United States and that their impact on river discharge is several times greater than impacts deemed likely as a result of global climate change.
Abstract: Newly available data indicate that dams fragment the fluvial system of the continental United States and that their impact on river discharge is several times greater than impacts deemed likely as a result of global climate change. The 75,000 dams in the continental United States are capable of storing a volume of water almost equaling one year's mean runoff, but there is considerable geographic variation in potential surface water impacts. In some western mountain and plains regions, dams can store more than 3 year's runoff, while in the Northeast and Northwest, storage is as little as 25% of the annual runoff. Dams partition watersheds; the drainage area per dam varies from 44 km 2 (17 miles 2 ) per dam in New England to 811 km 2 (313 miles 2 ) per dam in the Lower Colorado basin. Storage volumes, indicators of general hydrologic effects of dams, range from 26,200 m 3 km 22 (55 acre-feet mile 22 ) in the Great Basin to 345,000 m 3 km 22 (725 acre-feet mile 22 ) in the South Atlantic region. The greatest river flow impacts occur in the Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, and the arid Southwest, where storage is up to 3.8 times the mean annual runoff. The nation's dams store 5000 m 3 (4 acre-feet) of water per person. Water resource regions have experienced individualized histories of cumulative increases in reservoir storage (and thus of downstream hydrologic and ecologic impacts), but the most rapid increases in storage occurred between the late 1950s and the late 1970s. Since 1980, increases in storage have been relatively minor.
763 citations
"Experimental and Numerical Analysis..." refers background in this paper
...part of a usual practice to store and control river water for a long time [1,2]....
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TL;DR: The obtained results reveal that the EELM model is a robust expert model and can be embraced practically in real-life water resources management and river sustainability decisions.
446 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of published literature on soil piping phenomena can be found in this article, where the authors highlight the limitations of the occurrence of piping and the role that design and construction may play in a large percentage of piping failures.
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review of published literature on soil piping phenomena. The first tools to design earth dams to resist piping were developed during 1910–1935. Filter criteria for dispersive soils was refined in the 1970’s. Piping phenomena are generally defined as: (1) heave, (2) internal erosion, (3) backwards erosion, although other modes are possible. Recent work on piping highlights the limitations of the occurrence of piping and the role that design and construction may play in a large percentage of piping failures. Standardized laboratory procedures are available to assess piping potential in cohesive materials, but no such methods exist for non-cohesive soils. However, methods are available for evaluation of self-filtration potential. Recent advances in computer technology have facilitated the evaluation of seepage and deformation in embankments but computational methods for evaluation of piping potential are currently limited.
299 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the estimation of the time for progression of internal erosion and piping, and development of a breach leading to failure in embankment dams and their foundations is presented.
Abstract: A method is presented for the approximate estimation of the time for progression of internal erosion and piping, and development of a breach leading to failure in embankment dams and their foundations. The method accounts for the nature of the soils in the dam core, the foundation, and the materials in the downstream zone of the dam. Guidance is also provided on the detectability of internal erosion and piping, taking account of the mechanism of initiation, continuation, and progression to form a breach, for internal erosion and piping in the embankment, the foundation and from the embankment to foundation. It is shown that in many dams which have poor internal erosion and seepage control and are constructed mainly of earthfill, the time for potential development of piping is short, and for these dams continuous monitoring of seepage or surveillance would be needed to detect the piping in time to give warning of possible failure, and to give time to attempt intervention to prevent the failure.
288 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The advanced soil mechanics is universally compatible with any devices to read and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you for downloading advanced soil mechanics. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this advanced soil mechanics, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. advanced soil mechanics is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the advanced soil mechanics is universally compatible with any devices to read.
212 citations