Experimental applications of mortars with pozzolanic additions: Characterization and performance evaluation

doi:10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2007.12.003

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Experimental applications of mortars with pozzolanic additions: Characterization and performance evaluation

Journal Article•DOI•

Experimental applications of mortars with pozzolanic additions: Characterization and performance evaluation

M. Rosário Veiga¹, Ana Velosa¹, Ana Cristian Magalhães¹•Institutions (1)

Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil¹

01 Jan 2009-Construction and Building Materials (Elsevier)-Vol. 23, Iss: 1, pp 318-327

TL;DR: Pinto et al. as mentioned in this paper used lime mortars with pozzolanic additives to render the walls of the Fortresses of Lisbon, Portugal, and compared them with some comparison mortars.

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About: This article is published in Construction and Building Materials.The article was published on 2009-01-01. It has received 110 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Pozzolan.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Lime-Based Mortars: Viability for Use as Substitution Renders in Historical Buildings

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M. do Rosário Veiga¹, Ana Fragata¹, Ana Velosa², Ana Cristian Magalhães¹, Goreti Margalha - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil¹, University of Aveiro²

03 Feb 2010-International Journal of Architectural Heritage

TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of ranges of results for different lime-based mortars for old buildings external render, obtained in several studies, is presented, based on several studies car...

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Abstract: External renders based on air lime are used in historical buildings as decorative and protective coats. They act as sacrificial layers, particularly exposed to climatic actions and mechanical and environmental impact. They generally present good cohesion and adhesion to the background, although often suffer some degradation as detachments, superficial cracks, or 'lacunae'. Render solutions specified today for old buildings repair are frequently incompatible with pre-existent materials and inappropriate for the specific situation, thus producing new pathology. The choice of adequate materials, formulation, and curing conditions of substitution mortars become crucial for the success of the conservation action. These mortars must meet functional and aesthetic requirements, to fulfill the principles of compatibility, maintaining buildings' integrity and durability. An analysis is presented of ranges of results for different lime-based mortars for old buildings external renders, obtained in several studies car...

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129 citations

Cites background or methods or result from "Experimental applications of mortar..."

...case of renders for fortresses near the sea formulated with air lime and metakaolin illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 (Veiga et al. 2009) and with air lime and cement presented in Figures 12 and 13 (Tavares et al....
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...…both in laboratory (such as porous structure, adhesion, restrained shrinkage, and water protection capability tests) and in situ, by application on panels (Veiga et al. 2009; Tavares et al. 2008) and, for some formulations, by application in case studies (as discussed in section 5 of this article)....
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...2007) and air lime-based mortars (Table 4) (Veiga et al. 2009; Veiga and Carvalho 1994; Magalhães and Veiga 2005; Veiga et al. 2007; Fragata et al. 2007; Magalhães et al. 2006; Margalha 1997; Margalha et al. 2006; Velosa and Veiga 2005; Velosa 2006; Velosa and Veiga 2007a; 2007b; Fragata et al. 2007b)....
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...No particular disadvantages are known, besides some possible difficulties in application and some cracking due to insufficient knowledge about the curing conditions and the water dosage for this kind of materials (Veiga et al. 2009)....
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...…in different years, some heterogeneity of results for similar compositions can be explained by the slight differences on procedures andmaterials (Veiga et al. 2009; Veiga and Carvalho 1994;Magalhães and Veiga 2005; Veiga et al. 2007; Fragata et al. 2007a; 2007b;Magalhães et al.; Veiga, and…...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Combined effect of silica fume and expanded vermiculite on properties of lightweight mortars at ambient and elevated temperatures

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Fuat Koksal, Osman Gencel¹, Mehmet Kaya²•Institutions (2)

Bartın University¹, Sakarya University²

30 Jul 2015-Construction and Building Materials

TL;DR: In this article, the properties of cement-based mortars with vermiculite and silica fume were investigated at ambient and elevated temperatures, and the results indicated that expanded vermiculate aggregate is a good fire resistant material.

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128 citations

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...[63] at ambient temperature....
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Journal Article•DOI•

New natural hydraulic lime mortars – Physical and microstructural properties in different curing conditions

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João Grilo, Paulina Faria¹, Rosário Veiga, A. Santos Silva, Vitor Silva¹, Ana Velosa² - Show less +2 more•Institutions (2)

University of Lisbon¹, University of Aveiro²

15 Mar 2014-Construction and Building Materials

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the mechanical, physical and microstructural behavior of mortars formulated with a recently produced natural hydraulic lime NHL3.5 that conforms to EN 459-1, submitted to natural marine environment, humid and standardized conditions, and also the benefits and drawbacks of adding metakaolin in partial replacement of lime.

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109 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Effect of Water-repellent Admixtures on the Behaviour of Aerial Lime-based Mortars

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A. Izaguirre¹, J. Lanas, J.I. Alvarez¹•Institutions (1)

University of Navarra¹

01 Nov 2009-Cement and Concrete Research

TL;DR: In this paper, two different anionic surfactants, sodium oleate and calcium stearate, commercialized as water repellents for cement-based mortars, were added to the mortars in order to check whether they were improved by these admixtures.

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107 citations

Cites background from "Experimental applications of mortar..."

...Several drawbacks and incompatibilities related to the use of cement mortars for Cultural Heritage restoration work have been highlighted: high mechanical strength, efflorescence phenomena owing to formation of large amounts of soluble salts by migration of alkaline ions, low water vapour permeability and higher thermal expansion coefficient than most masonry [1-4]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Physical and chemical assessment of lime–metakaolin mortars: Influence of binder:aggregate ratio

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A. Gameiro, A. Santos Silva, Paulina Faria¹, João Grilo, Tiago Branco¹, Rosário Veiga, Ana Velosa² - Show less +3 more•Institutions (2)

University of Lisbon¹, University of Aveiro²

01 Jan 2014-Cement & Concrete Composites

TL;DR: In this article, the influence of binder:aggregate ratio on the mineralogical and mechanical properties of air lime-metakaolin mortars was evaluated. But the results were limited to mortars with 1:1 (air:lime) volumetric ratio with 30% and 50% MK.

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Abstract: This work evaluates the influence of binder:aggregate ratio on the mineralogical and mechanical properties of air lime–metakaolin mortars. Mineralogical analysis showed that binder:aggregate ratio affects the extent of carbonation and pozzolanic reactions with curing. The pozzolanic reaction occurs mostly at lower curing times (28 days), while, at higher curing ages, carbonation reaction is mostly dominant. The exceptions are mortars with 1:1 (air:lime) volumetric ratio with 30% and 50% MK in which the pozzolanic reaction is still dominant. The reduction in the mechanical resistance of some compositions observed from 28 to 90 days is related to the calcium aluminate hydrate instability in the presence of free lime. This instability is expected to disappear after the total consumption of free lime, either by pozzolanic or carbonation reaction.

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104 citations

Cites background from "Experimental applications of mortar..."

...Mortars formulations with too high binder content, as the cases of L1 and L1MK mortars, are not frequently used for rendering, plastering and repointing applications, due to difficult workability (noticed at the experimental campaign), high shrinkage and cracking [32]....
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...The existence of extensive pozzolanic reactions does not imply that mortars are more adequate for use in conservation of old masonry, because they might be too stiff for that purpose and turn out to be incompatible [32, 33]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Masonry repair lime-based mortars: factors affecting the mechanical behavior

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J. Lanas¹, J. I. Alvarez-Galindo¹•Institutions (1)

University of Navarra¹

01 Nov 2003-Cement and Concrete Research

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of technological variables on pore structure and mechanical properties of lime-based mortars was discussed, including the influence of curing time, binder-aggregate (B/Ag) ratio, aggregate attributes and porosity.

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357 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Physico-chemical study of Cretan ancient mortars

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P. Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, Asterios Bakolas¹, Antonia Moropoulou¹•Institutions (1)

National Technical University of Athens¹

01 May 2003-Cement and Concrete Research

TL;DR: In this paper, a calculation procedure is presented based on the combination of mineralogical and chemical analyses that allows the determination of the binder/aggregate proportion of the lime mortars.

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172 citations

A laboratory manual for architectural conservators

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Jeanne Marie Teutonico

01 Jan 1988

TL;DR: The second edition of the handbook as mentioned in this paper provides a basic introduction to analyses of building materials which can be carried out in an architectural conservation laboratory and a compendium of laboratory analyses and field techniques.

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Abstract: Second edition of a handbook previously published in 1986. Provides a basic introduction to analyses of building materials which can be carried out in an architectural conservation laboratory. It begins with a section of general principles (an introduction to laboratory concepts, methods, and equipment), followed by a compendium of laboratory analyses and field techniques, organized by building material, which can provide useful information with simple equipment. Contents: porous building materials; stone; brick, and mortars; architectural surfaces; wood. -- ICCROM

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92 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The Smeaton project: factors affecting the properties of lime-based mortars

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Jeanne Marie Teutonico, Iain McCaig, Colin Burns, John Ashurst

01 Jan 1993-APT Bulletin

TL;DR: The Smeaton Project is a joint research program involving ICCROM, English Heritage, and Bournemouth University as discussed by the authors to evaluate the effect of set additives, specifically brick dust and cements, on the performance of lime:sand mortars.

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Abstract: The Smeaton Project is a joint research program involving ICCROM, English Heritage, and Bournemouth University. It was established for the purpose of characterizing the chemical and physical properties of lime-based mortars intended for the repair and conservation of historic buildings. In Phase I of the program, the authors used a variety of test procedures to evaluate the effect of set additives, specifically brick dust and cements, on the performance of lime:sand mortars. The principal objective of this initial phase was to confirm various trends in the behavior of lime-based mortars observed in the field and to refine test procedures. The results of Phase I are presented though the authors caution that these are only preliminary and further testing is needed. Preliminary findings suggest that the addition of brick dust significantly alters the properties of lime mortars and that low fired brick dusts seem to have the most positive effect on the strength and durability of lime:sand:brick dust mixtures. The addition of small quantities of cement to lime:sand:mortars seemed to have a negative effect on the strength and durability of the mortars.

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70 citations

Methodologies for characterisation and repair of mortars of ancient buildings

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M. Rosário Veiga, José Aguiar, António Santos Silva, Fernanda Carvalho

01 Jan 2001

TL;DR: This paper synthesises the aims and conclusions of the research project Oldrenders and defines the definition of such a methodology and the preparation of criteria to support the selection of substitutive compatible mortars.

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Abstract: There is a clear need to de velop and systematise a methodology to approach interventions on ancient renders. In fact inadequate interventions, with systematic resource to modern solutions, originated in Portugal a situation characterised by the disappearing of original lime renderings and finishings and caused several anomalies due to functional incompatibility between pre-existing elements and new materials. The research project Oldrenders, accomplished by researchers from LNEC in collaboration with the construction enterprise STAP - Reparacao, Consolidacao e Modificacao de Estruturas, SA., and partially financed by Agencia de Inovacao , has as main objectives the definition of such a methodology and the preparation of criteria to support the selection of substitutive compatible mortars. This paper synthesises the aims and conclusions of the Project. 1. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH Interventions on ancient buildings included for too long the systematic remotion of the original renders, plasters and finishings and its substitution by render s and plasters based on Portland cement, painted with products based, first in oil paints and then in acrylic and vinylic resins. In the meantime, the theory of conservation has more and more pointed out the historic and aesthetic importance of preservati on of material evidences and their fundamental part in the definition of formal and material authenticity of historic artifacts.

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62 citations