Experimental Implementation of Molecular Communication System using Sampling based Adaptive Threshold Variation Demodulation Algorithm
01 Dec 2018-pp 1-5
TL;DR: A demodulation algorithm using Sampling based Adaptive Threshold Variation (S-ATV) for Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) and ON/OFF keying (OOK) based modulation techniques is proposed.
Abstract: In this paper, we consider a tabletop molecular communication (MC) system for exchange of information through flow assisted diffusion of ethanol chemical molecules. Designing modulation and demodulation algorithms for such setup is an important research problem. We propose a demodulation algorithm using Sampling based Adaptive Threshold Variation (S-ATV) for Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) and ON/OFF keying (OOK) based modulation techniques. The performance of BER with bit duration is plotted for proposed demodulation algorithm as well as Increase detection algorithm (IDA). It is found that the proposed S-ATV demodulation algorithm has better performance than IDA for smaller bit durations.
Citations
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, the focus is on nanoassembly by manipulation with scanning probe microscopes (SPMs), which is a relatively well established process for prototyping nanosystems.
Abstract: Author(s): Requicha, Ari | Abstract: Nanorobotics encompasses the design, fabrication, and programming of robots with overall dimensions below a few micrometers, and the programmable assembly of nanoscale objects. Nanorobots are quintessential nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and raise all the important issues that must be addressed in NEMS design: sensing, actuation, control, communications, power, and interfacing across spatial scales and between the organic/inorganic and biotic/abiotic realms. Nanorobots are expected to have revolutionary applications in such areas as environmental monitoring and health care.This paper begins by discussing nanorobot construction, which is still at an embryonic stage. The emphasis is on nanomachines, an area which has seen a spate of rapid progress over the last few years. Nanoactuators will be essential components of future NEMS.The paper's focus then changes to nanoassembly by manipulation with scanning probe microscopes (SPMs), which is a relatively well established process for prototyping nanosystems. Prototyping of nanodevices and systems is important for design validation, parameter optimization and sensitivity studies. Nanomanipulation also has applications in repair and modification of nanostructures built by other means. High-throughput SPM manipulation may be achieved by using multitip arrays.Experimental results are presented which show that interactive SPM manipulation can be used to accurately and reliably position molecular-sized components. These can then be linked by chemical or physical means to form subassemblies, which in turn can be further manipulated. Applications in building wires, single-electron transistors, and nanowaveguides are presented.
199 citations
21 Sep 2020
TL;DR: This study reveals two key new characteristics of the molecular communication channel that have been overlooked by past work, including non-causal inter-symbol-interference and a long delay spread, that extends beyond the channel coherence time, which limit decoding performance.
Abstract: Molecular communication has recently gained a lot of interest due to its potential to enable micro-implants to communicate by releasing molecules into the bloodstream. In this paper, we aim to explore the molecular communication channel through theoretical and empirical modeling in order to achieve a better understanding of its characteristics, which tend to be more complex in practice than traditional wireless and wired channels. Our study reveals two key new characteristics that have been overlooked by past work. Specifically, the molecular communication channel exhibits non-causal inter-symbol-interference and a long delay spread, that extends beyond the channel coherence time, which limit decoding performance. To address this, we design, μ-Link a molecular communication protocol and decoder that accounts for these new insights. We build a testbed to experimentally validate our findings and show that μ-Link can improve the achievable data rates with significantly lower bit error rates.
10 citations
Cites background from "Experimental Implementation of Mole..."
...Most MC testbeds are for airborne molecular communication where the molecules are released in air [25, 32, 33, 39, 48, 50]....
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TL;DR: This method and data paper sets out the macro-scale experimental techniques to acquire fluid dynamic knowledge to inform molecular communication performance and design and two powerful fluid dynamical measurement methodologies that can be applied beneficially in the context of molecular signal tracking and detection techniques.
Abstract: This method and data paper sets out the macro-scale experimental techniques to acquire fluid dynamic knowledge to inform molecular communication performance and design. Fluid dynamic experiments capture latent features that allow the receiver to detect coherent signal structures and infer transmitted parameters for optimal decoding. This paper reviews two powerful fluid dynamical measurement methodologies that can be applied beneficially in the context of molecular signal tracking and detection techniques. The two methods reviewed are Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). Step-by-step procedures for these techniques are outlined as well as comparative evaluation in terms of performance accuracy and practical complexity is offered. The relevant data is available on IEEE DataPort to help in better understanding of these methods.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a testbed using biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles is presented, where all testbed components have been improved regarding performance and size, making a large step forward regarding miniaturization and a data transmission approach.
Abstract: Although the concept of engineered molecular communication has been around for quite some time, practical approaches with truly biocompatible setups are still scarce. However, molecular communication has a large potential in future medical applications and may be a solution to size constraints of antenna-based transmission systems. In this work, we therefore present a testbed using biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles. Based on previous work, all testbed components have been improved regarding performance and size, making a large step forward regarding miniaturisation and a data transmission approach. In addition, a setup for localised two-dimensional sensing of magnetic nanoparticles is presented. All improvements are evaluated individually and combined to achieve a net data rate of more than $\mathrm {6~ \text {bit} / \text {s}}$ , significantly higher than any other comparable biocompatible setup.
TL;DR: In this paper , a testbed using biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles is presented, where all testbed components have been improved regarding performance and size, making a large step forward regarding miniaturization and a data transmission approach.
Abstract: Although the concept of engineered molecular communication has been around for quite some time, practical approaches with truly biocompatible setups are still scarce. However, molecular communication has a large potential in future medical applications and may be a solution to size constraints of antenna-based transmission systems. In this work, we therefore present a testbed using biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles. Based on previous work, all testbed components have been improved regarding performance and size, making a large step forward regarding miniaturisation and a data transmission approach. In addition, a setup for localised two-dimensional sensing of magnetic nanoparticles is presented. All improvements are evaluated individually and combined to achieve a net data rate of more than $\mathrm {6~ \text {bit} / \text {s}}$ , significantly higher than any other comparable biocompatible setup.
References
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TL;DR: The proposed increase detection algorithm (IDA) detects an increase in molecule concentration to extract the information instead of detecting an absolute concentration value, to improve the reliability of concentration-encoded diffusion-based molecular communication.
Abstract: In diffusion-based molecular communication, the most common modulation technique is based on the concentration of information molecules. However, the random delay of molecules due to the channel with memory causes severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) among consecutive signals. In this paper, we propose a detection technique for demodulating signals, the increase detection algorithm (IDA), to improve the reliability of concentration-encoded diffusion-based molecular communication. The proposed IDA detects an increase (i.e., a relative concentration value) in molecule concentration to extract the information instead of detecting an absolute concentration value. To validate the availability of IDA, we establish a real physical tabletop test bed. And we evaluate the proposed demodulation technique using bit error rate (BER) and demonstrate by the tabletop molecular communication platform that the proposed IDA successfully minimizes and even isolates ISI, so that a lower BER is achieved than the common demodulation technique.
30 citations
"Experimental Implementation of Mole..." refers background or methods or result in this paper
...compare this algorithm with IDA proposed in [14]....
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...The CIR in the experimental setup is observed to be dependent on the initial voltage at the receiver which has been first reported by author in [14]....
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...The IDA algorithm is an example of type of demodulation technique [14]....
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...Recently in [14], the performance of Increased Detection Algorithm (IDA) was evaluated on the practical setup....
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08 Jun 2015
TL;DR: In this article, an end-to-end channel model for molecular communication systems with metal-oxide sensors is proposed, where the system is separated into two parts: the propagation and the sensor detection.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose an end-to-end channel model for molecular communication systems with metal-oxide sensors. In particular, we focus on the recently developed table top molecular communication platform. The system is separated into two parts: the propagation and the sensor detection. There is derived, based on this, a more realistic end-to-end channel model. However, since some of the coefficients in the derived models are unknown, we collect a great deal of experimental data to estimate these coefficients and evaluate how they change with respect to the different system parameters. Finally, a noise model is derived for the system to complete an end-to-end system model for the tabletop platform.
22 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: A noise model is derived for the system to complete an end-to-end system model for the tabletop platform and collect a great deal of experimental data to estimate these coefficients and evaluate how they change with respect to the different system parameters.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose an end-to-end channel model for molecular communication systems with metal-oxide sensors. In particular, we focus on the recently developed table top molecular communication platform. The system is separated into two parts: the propagation and the sensor detection. There is derived, based on this, a more realistic end-to-end channel model. However, since some of the coefficients in the derived models are unknown, we collect a great deal of experimental data to estimate these coefficients and evaluate how they change with respect to the different system parameters. Finally, a noise model is derived for the system to complete an end-to-end system model for the tabletop platform.
19 citations
"Experimental Implementation of Mole..." refers methods in this paper
...In [19], the CIR is mathematically given by (1) and is plotted as in Fig....
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01 Aug 2011
TL;DR: This work has succeeded in demonstrating the network formation based on the sticky-end programming of DNA modules, and expects that the network of DNA nanorobots make a contribution to realize the effective regulation of microorganisms to promote environmental preservation and health maintenance.
Abstract: Toward the intelligent control of internal and external environments, we present an idea of the sequence design for the network formation of DNA-based nanorobots. We already developed a DNA nanomachine that has the potential ability of producing a functional molecule called “aptamer” when bacterial two-component signal transduction systems are detected. Here we have succeeded in demonstrating the network formation based on the sticky-end programming of DNA modules. By combining the aptamer transcription function with the network formation ability, we can implement various missions in DNA nanomacines. The network design is essential to keep the appropriate density, configurations and functions to carry out target missions. We expect that the network of DNA nanorobots make a contribution to realize the effective regulation of microorganisms to promote environmental preservation and health maintenance.
15 citations
Additional excerpts
...vironmental control and preservation [4], and communication...
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01 Dec 2017
TL;DR: It is seen that two detection methods can achieve the same performance in bit error probability for some practical cases, while the MAX detector is simpler than ML detector.
Abstract: Molecular Communication via Diffusion (MCvD) is one of the most prominent approaches to interconnect the nanomachines which can do some simple communication functions. In this paper, Pulse Position Modulation is studied. We proposed two techniques in order to design the receiver for this modulation. These detection methods called ML and MAX detector. The performances of the proposed detection algorithms are discussed in the different ISI values. It is seen that two detection methods can achieve the same performance in bit error probability for some practical cases. While the MAX detector is simpler than ML detector.
13 citations
"Experimental Implementation of Mole..." refers methods in this paper
...The ATV demodulation algorithms proposed in [15]–[17] are based on theoretical models and have better BER performance compared to other demodulation algorithms....
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