Experimental investigation of burning rates of pure ethanol and ethanol blended fuels
TL;DR: In this paper, a fundamental experimental study to determine the burning rates of ethanol and ethanol-blended fossil fuels is presented, where pure liquid ethanol or its blends with liquid fossil fuels such as gasoline or diesel, has been transpired to the surface a porous sphere using an infusion pump.
About: This article is published in Combustion and Flame.The article was published on 2009-05-01. It has received 54 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Premixed flame & Combustion.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a molecular beam mass spectrometer system (MBMS) combined with electron impact ionization (EI) was used to determine the structure of one-dimensional laminar premixed flames.
160 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental work has been performed to compare the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine running with diesel and three different blends of diesel and biodiesel (castor oil methyl ester, COME).
108 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review work focused on bio-fuels with lower viscosity and cetane number and their mode of operation in a diesel engine is presented and detailed summary on operation of these fuels in the reported three different modes is clearly explained and their engine characteristics such as performance, combustion and emission are briefed.
Abstract: This review work focuses on biofuels with lower viscosity and cetane number and their mode of operation in a diesel engine. Though there were a number of review works describing the production, characterization and utilization of biodiesel, synthesized from vegetable oils, a comprehensive summary on other category of biofuels endowed with lower viscosity and cetane number has not come to light so far. In this backdrop, this review work would bring forth the existence of biofuels having lower viscosity and cetane number, classify them under one category and elucidate their operational feasibility in a diesel engine. Considerably, alcohol based fuels such as methanol, ethanol and butanol, and plant based light biofuels such as eucalyptus oil and pine oil have been chosen and classified as LVLC (less viscous and lower cetane) fuels in the current work. Besides describing the operation feasibility of these fuels, an extensive exploration of their physical, thermal and critical properties as well as their compositional attributes has been made. Despite their distinct properties, these fuels have found use in diesel engine by various strategies and apparently, they could be used in blends with diesel/biodiesel, dual fuel mode and as sole fuel. In this regard, herein, a detailed summary on operation of these fuels in the reported three different modes is clearly explained and their engine characteristics such as performance, combustion and emission are briefed.
89 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the laminar burning speed of ethanol/air/diluent mixtures over a wide range of temperature, pressure, fuel air equivalence ratio and diluent.
Abstract: Laminar burning speed of ethanol/air/diluent mixtures have been measured over a wide range of temperature, pressure, fuel air equivalence ratio and diluent. Experimental facilities include a cylindrical vessel with two large end windows and a spherical vessel with capability to withstand pressures up to 425 atm. Both of these vessels are heated for having initial temperatures of unburned gas up to 500 K. A shadowgraph system with a CMOS camera capable of taking pictures up to 40,000 frames/s is used to observe structure of propagating flames. Pressure rise due to combustion in both vessels is used to calculate laminar burning speed of the mixture. A thermodynamic model is used to calculate burning speed from combustion pressure. Laminar burning speeds of ethanol/air premixed mixtures have been measured at high temperatures and pressures. A mixture of 86% nitrogen and 14% carbon dioxide, which simulate heat capacity of residual gases in internal combustion engines, is used to determine the effect of diluent on burning speed. A correlation for laminar burning speed as a function of temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio and extra diluent gas (EDG) has been developed. The range of temperature and pressure are 300–650 K and 1–5 atm, fuel air equivalence ratio 0.8–1.1 and extra diluent gases of 5% and 10%. The measured values compare very well with available data and extend the range many folds.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the ignition delay times of the three C5 primary alcohol isomers (n-pentanol, iso-pentanol, and 2-methyl-1-butanol) were measured behind reflected shock waves.
83 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of the production, characterization and current statuses of vegetable oil and biodiesel as well as the experimental research work carried out in various countries is presented.
2,891 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, simplified reaction mechanisms for the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels have been examined using a numerical laminar flame model, and a simple procedure to determine the best values for the reaction rate parameters is demonstrated.
Abstract: Simplified reaction mechanisms for the oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels have been examined using a numerical laminar flame model. The types of mechanisms studied include one and two global reaction steps as well as quasi-global mechanisms. Reaction rate parameters were varied in order to provide the best agreement between computed and experimentally observed flame speeds in selected mixtures of fuel and air. The influences of the various reaction rate parameters on the laminar flame properties have been identified, and a simple procedure to determine the best values for the reaction rate parameters is demonstrated. Fuels studied include n-paraffins from methane to n-decane, some methyl-substituted n-paraffins, acetylene, and representative olefin, alcohol and aromatic hydrocarbons. Results show that the often-employed choice of simultaneous first order fuel and oxidizer dependence for global rate expressions cannot yield the correct dependence of flame speed on equivalence ratio or pressure and can...
2,062 citations
TL;DR: A review of the biological and thermochemical methods that could be used to produce bioethanol is made and an analysis of its global production trends is carried out in this paper, where the authors evaluate the utilization of different feedstocks (i.e., sucrose containing, starchy materials, lignocellulosic biomass) is required considering the big share of raw materials in bio-ethanol costs.
1,379 citations
TL;DR: A detailed chemical kinetic model for ethanol oxidation has been developed and validated against a variety of experimental data sets as discussed by the authors, and good agreement was found in modeling of the data sets obtained from the five different experimental systems.
Abstract: A detailed chemical kinetic model for ethanol oxidation has been developed and validated against a variety of experimental data sets. Laminar flame speed data (obtained from a constant volume bomb and counterflow twin-flame), ignition delay data behind a reflected shock wave, and ethanol oxidation product profiles from a jet-stirred and turbulent flow reactor were used in this computational study. Good agreement was found in modeling of the data sets obtained from the five different experimental systems. The computational results show that high temperature ethanol oxidation exhibits strong sensitivity to the fall-off kinetics of ethanol decomposition, branching ratio selection for C2H5OH + OH Products, and reactions involving the hydroperoxyl (HO2) radical.
The multichanneled ethanol decomposition process is analyzed by RRKM/Master Equation theory, and the results are compared with those obtained from earlier studies. The ten-parameter Troe form is used to define the C2H5OH(+M) CH3 + CH2OH(+M) rate expression as
k∞ = 5.94E23 T−1.68 exp(−45880 K/T) (s−1)
ko = 2.88E85 T−18.9 exp(−55317 K/T) (cm3/mol/sec)
Fcent = 0.5 exp(−T/200 K) + 0.5 exp(−T/890 K) + exp(−4600 K/T)
and the C2H5OH(+M) C2H4 + H2O(+M) rate expression as
k∞ = 2.79E13 T0.09 exp(−33284 K/T) (s−1)
ko = 2.57E83 T−18.85 exp(−43509 K/T) (cm3/mol/sec)
F cent = 0.3 exp(−T/350 K) + 0.7 exp(−T/800 K) + exp(−3800 K/T)
with an applied energy transfer per collision value of = 500 cm−1.
An empirical branching ratio estimation procedure is presented which determines the temperature dependent branching ratios of the three distinct sites of hydrogen abstraction from ethanol. The calculated branching ratios for C2H5OH + OH, C2H5OH + O, C2H5OH + H, and C2H5OH + CH3 are compared to experimental data. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 31: 183–220, 1999
740 citations