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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Experimental investigation of strength properties of red mud concrete

01 Sep 2019-Vol. 2158, Iss: 1, pp 020015
About: The article was published on 2019-09-01 and is currently open access. It has received 4 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Red mud.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of partial substitution of cement in concrete by red mud is discussed and the study shows that incorporating red mud resulted increase in strength of concrete such as compressive, split tensile and flexural strength.
Abstract: Concrete is an essential construction material and major component of concrete is cement. There is a huge amount of carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere during manufacturing process of cement which has negative impact on the environment. Thus it become necessary to discover a substitute material for cement in concrete. Rapid industrialization generates a significant quantity of waste material which are causing negative effect on environment. These wastes can be a replacement for traditional material which are used in concrete like cement or fine aggregate. Red mud is waste material which generated from bauxite ore at the time of production of aluminium by the Bayer process. In this review paper, the effort is made to present the properties of concrete with red mud after studying several research papers. This paper discusses the properties of red mud concrete such as workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption and modulus of elasticity. This paper shows the feasibility of partial substitution of cement in concrete by red mud. The study shows that incorporating red mud resulted increase in strengths of concrete such as compressive, split tensile and flexural strength. The water absorption of concrete decrease as increase in red mud content, it can be established that there is a possibility for using red mud in concrete as a binder ingredient for sustainable construction.

7 citations


Cites background from "Experimental investigation of stren..."

  • ...[18] examined the tensile strength and it was observed that maximum tensile strength was 3....

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  • ...The splitting tensile strength was recorded to be greater than that of the reference mix, up to 10% red mud, while 15% red mud shows a tensile strength close to that of the reference mix [18]....

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  • ...[18] made concrete which containing (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) red mud as substitute of cement....

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  • ...[18] examined the strength properties of concrete carrying up to 20% red mud in place of cement....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method of producing bricks that is both cost effective and environmentally benign, based on the geopolymerization, known to save energy by obviating high-temperature kiln firing and lowering greenhouse gas emissions.
Abstract: Utilization of mine wastes as a building material in the construction industry surmises to environmental and sustainable concepts in civil engineering.The potential environmental threat posed by mining wastes, as well as a growing societal awareness of the need to effectively treat mining wastes, has elevated the subject importance.The present research proposes a method of producing bricks that is both cost effective and environmentally benign. The research is based on the geopolymerization, known to save energy by obviating high-temperature kiln firing and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. The methodology encompasses the mixing of red mud and iron ore tailings in the range of 90% to 50% with a decrement of 10% with GGBS in the range of 10% to 50% with an increment of 10%. The raw materials and the developed composites have been tested as per Indian and ASTM standards.In addition to tests pertaining to the physical and mechanical properties, XRF, XRD, and SEM tests have been performed for examining various related issues. Based on the result analysis, the compressive strength values showed noticeable differences in case of IOT and red mud bricks with IOT-based bricks showing better compressive strengths.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors fabricated a type of hydraulic cement from the mixture of red mud and limestone, which was sintered at temperature of 1180 °C to obtain the clinker of the novel hydraulic cement with C 2 S, C 3 A, and C 4 AF minerals.
Abstract: Red mud (RM) is an industrial waste obtained from the Bayer process which is usually discharged into marine or disposed into a landfill causing pollution for the surrounding water, air, and soils. Thus, disposal of RM is an environmental concern, and it should be recycled effectively. Because RM consists of iron- and aluminum-rich phases, it is possible to be processed into cementitious material and utilized for construction purposes. This research fabricated a type of cement from the mixture of RM and limestone. The mixture was sintered at temperature of 1180 °C to obtain the clinker of the novel hydraulic cement with C 2 S, C 3 A, and C 4 AF minerals. In which, C 2 S, C 3 A, and C 4 AF are respectively belite, alite, and tetra-calcium aluminoferrite compounds that are characteristic hydraulic minerals of Portland cement clinker. The specifications of this cement were tested and evaluated in this study such as chemical and mineralogical compositions, fineness, specific surface area, mechanical strength after 3, 7, and 28 days.

1 citations

DOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors fabricated a type of hydraulic cement from the mixture of red mud and limestone and the mixture was sintered at temperature of 1180 °C to obtain the clinker of the novel hydraulic cement with C2S, C3A, and C4AF minerals.
Abstract: Red mud (RM) is an industrial waste obtained from the Bayer process which is usually discharged into marine or disposed into a landfill causing pollution for the surrounding water, air, and soils. Thus, disposal of RM is an environmental concern, and it should be recycled effectively. Because RM consists of iron- and aluminum-rich phases, it is possible to be processed into cementitious material and utilized for construction purposes. This research fabricated a type of cement from the mixture of RM and limestone. The mixture was sintered at temperature of 1180 °C to obtain the clinker of the novel hydraulic cement with C2S, C3A, and C4AF minerals. In which, C2S, C3A, and C4AF are respectively belite, alite, and tetra-calcium aluminoferrite compounds that are characteristic hydraulic minerals of Portland cement clinker. The specifications of this cement were tested and evaluated in this study such as chemical and mineralogical compositions, fineness, specific surface area, mechanical strength after 3, 7, and 28 days.

1 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of two common types of red mud, Bayer red mud and Sintering red mud were investigated through XRD, TG and SEM analysis, and their shear strength, particle size, density and hydraulic characteristics also had been performed.
Abstract: Performances of two common types of red mud, Bayer red mud and Sintering red mud, were investigated in this research. Their compositions, mechanical properties and microstructure characterization were measured through XRD, TG and SEM analysis. Their shear strength, particle size, density and hydraulic characteristics also had been performed. Huge differences between the basic mineral types of these two kinds of red mud also can be found. The comparison of compositions shows that CaCO3 content in Sintering red mud is higher, Bayer red mud has more hazardous elements such as As, Pb and Hg and both have a high concentration of radioactivity. The micro particle of Bayer red mud is finer and more disperse, but the Sintering red mud has higher shear strength. Combining the TG and hydraulic characteristics analysis, it can be shown that Bayer red mud has higher value of water content and Sintering red mud has higher hydraulic conductivity. The paper then illustrates that Sintering red mud can become the main filling material of supporting structure of red mud stocking yard. Bayer red mud has a high reuse value and also can be used as a mixing material of masonry mortar.

104 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of Ghanaian based bauxite red mud-Tetegbu clay composites have been investigated for their applicability in the ceramic brick construction industry as a means of recycling the Bauxite waste.
Abstract: The behaviour of Ghanaian based bauxite red mud-Tetegbu clay composites have been investigated for their applicability in the ceramic brick construction industry as a means of recycling the bauxite waste. The initial raw samp les were characterized by X-ray d iffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermograv imetric analysis (Tg-DTA). The red mud -clay co mposites have been formu lated as 80% -20%, 70%-30%, 60%-40%, 50%-50% and fired at sintering temperatures of 800o C, 900o C and 1100o C. Generally, mechanical strengths (modulus of rupture) increased with higher sintering temperature. The results obtained for various characterizat ion analyses such as bulk densities of 1.59 g/cm 3 and 1.51 g/cm 3 co mpare very well with literature and hold

60 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Bauxite wastes of alumina manufacture, i.e., red muds, have been tested for radiocesium and strontium removal from water.
Abstract: Bauxite wastes of alumina manufacture, i.e., red muds, have been tested for radiocesium and strontium removal from water. The red muds were water-washed, acid-, and heat-treated before usage to produce hydrous oxide like sorbents. Surface treatment of the sorbent was benefical for 137s uptake, while heat-treatment was detrimental to the -SOH surface sites responsible for high 90Sr affinity. Fractionation of the sorbent with respect to apparent grain size did not produce significant differences in the sorption efficiency. The distribution coefficients vs. equilibrium activity in solution showed a maximum with Cs, and a gradual decrease trend with Sr. The solution activity vs. adsorption data were fitted to B.E. T. (essentially types IV-V) isotherms for Cs and B.E. T.-Langmuir isotherms for Sr. Desorption, temperature-, pH-, and ionic strength-dependence tests revealed that the primary mode of sorption for both cations is specific adsorption while the secondary mode is ion exchange. A rise in pH favours the...

43 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the phase composition and structural transition of red mud heated from room temperature are indicated by XRD, TG-DTA, and SEM techniques, and the mean particle diameter, density, and bond strength of these samples also have been investigated.
Abstract: Different characterizations were carried out on red mud uncalcined and samples calcined in the range of 100°C-1400°C. In the present paper, the phase composition and structural transition of red mud heated from room temperature are indicated by XRD, TG-DTA, and SEM techniques. The mean particle diameter, density, and bond strength of these samples also have been investigated. The results indicate the decomposition of gibbsite into Al2O3 and H2O between 300°C and 550°C and calcite into CaO and CO2 in the interval of 600-800°C. Tricalcium aluminate and gehlenite are formed in the range of 800-900°C. Combined with the SEM images, the results of physical property testing show that the particle size and the strength each has a continuous rise during the heat treatment from 150°C to 1350°C. But the value of density will undergo a little drop before 450°C and then increases to a higher value at the temperature of 1200°C. These obtained results provide an important base for the further studies of comprehensive utilization of red mud.

43 citations