Experimental investigations of hostility catharsis.
01 Aug 1970-Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (American Psychological Association)-Vol. 35, Iss: 1, pp 1-7
About: This article is published in Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.The article was published on 1970-08-01. It has received 87 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Catharsis & Hostility.
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TL;DR: In this article, a typology for motives of consumer online articulation is proposed, drawing on findings from research on virtual communities and traditional word-of-mouth literature, which is based on the same authors' work.
4,881 citations
Cites background or methods from "Experimental investigations of host..."
...Methodology and findings of this study are described next....
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...A consumer’s desire for catharsis is known to be a major driving force behind the articulation of negative personal experiences (Alicke et al., 1992; Berkowitz, 1970)....
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TL;DR: The authors argue that word of mouth is goal driven and serves five key functions (i.e., impression management, emotion regulation, information acquisition, social bonding, and persuasion) and suggest these motivations are predominantly self-serving and drive what people talk about even without their awareness.
972 citations
Cites background from "Experimental investigations of host..."
...In interpersonal interactions, the desire for catharsis is one reason people share negative personal experiences (Alicke et al., 1992; Berkowitz, 1970)....
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01 Jan 1976
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between alcohol use and crimes of violence is analyzed in a theoretical context, where the relevant sociological factors will be seen only as one set of variables in an explanatory framework that encompasses research findings from several disciplines.
Abstract: The first problem we encounter in trying to analyze the relationship between alcohol use and crimes of violence is in the choice of a theoretical context. One possibility is to look at violent crime as a subset of deviant behavior and put it in this theoretical sociological context, if one such context is possible. On the other hand, we could look at it from the viewpoint of aggressive behavior in general and see violent crimes as a sample of such behavior, a sample biased in favor of extreme forms of aggressive behavior. I have chosen the latter approach, since a framework limited to sociological variables would leave out central explanatory factors that are not relevant on the aggregate sociological level of analysis. Much of the empirical and theoretical outcomes of research on deviance are applicable in the explanations, but the emphasis will be on the connections with research on aggressive behavior. The relevant sociological factors will be seen only as one set of variables in an explanatory framework that encompasses (and must encompass) research findings from several disciplines.
225 citations
TL;DR: The frustration-aggression hypothesis has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years as discussed by the authors, but it is not particularly obvious in recent social psychological theorizing, as Cognitive dissonance theory seems more and more to be concerned mainly with the individual's attempt to preserve his pride and is no longer king of all it surveys.
Abstract: There is a fairly common pattern in the way social psychology’s major theoretical conceptions have changed in the past four decades. The Hegelian view of history envisions a regular sequence: thesis, antithesis, and synthesis; a proposition is advanced which generates opposing ideas and the apparent contradiction is then reconciled at a higher order of abstraction. This last step is not particularly obvious in recent social psychological theorizing. Thesis leads to antithesis but the final result, more often than not, appears to be a narrowing of the original conception rather than a broader synthesis. The conditioning formulations of the 1930s and 1940s have now been confined to a relatively limited sphere, primarily involving some types of involuntary emotional and attitudinal reactions. Cognitive dissonance theory seems more and more to be concerned mainly with the individual’s attempt to preserve his pride and is no longer king of all it surveys. The frustration-aggression hypothesis advanced by Dollard et al. in 1939 has seen the same developments. Although this formulation is best known for its central notion-that frustrations produce an instigation to aggression-the I939 statement was actually a far-ranging collection of interrelated ideas that grew out of a mixture of psychoanalysis and the dominant stimulus-response orientation of the prewar era. Helped by this amalgam and the fame of its authors, but also aided to a considerable extent by its sweep and simplicity, this statement has attracted a great deal of attention. It offered a readily grasped account of one ofthe most important aspects of life, aggression. However, the thesis was also quickly countered by antithesis as other social scientists rushed in with opposing arguments. The outcome has been not a broader synthesis but a sharper analysis. As a consequence, we must now restrict the scope of the frustration-aggression hypothesis.
174 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to test the hypothesis that stimuli commonly associated with aggression can elicit aggressive responses from people ready to act aggressively, and the greatest number of shocks were given by the strongly aroused Ss (who had received 7 shocks) when they were in the presence of the weapons.
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that stimuli commonly associated with aggression can elicit aggressive responses from people ready to act aggressively. 100 male university students received either 1 or 7 shocks, supposedly from a peer, and were then given an opportunity to shock this person. In some cases a rifle and revolver were on the table near the shock key. These weapons were said to belong, or not to belong, to the available target person. In other instances there was nothing on the table near the shock key, while for a control group 2 badminton racquets were on the table near the key. The greatest number of shocks was given by the strongly aroused Ss (who had received 7 shocks) when they were in the presence of the weapons. The guns had evidently elicited strong aggressive responses from the aroused men.
559 citations
TL;DR: This chapter is mainly concerned with the theoretical analysis of the process of no-trial learning, and behavioral effects of exposure to modeling stimuli.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The vicarious-learning experiences and response-guidance procedures involving both symbolic and live models are utilized extensively in social learning to short-circuit the acquisition process, and to prevent one-trial extinction of the organism in potentially hazardous situations. This chapter is mainly concerned with the theoretical analysis of the process of no-trial learning, and behavioral effects of exposure to modeling stimuli. While, the perceptual and cognitive aspects of vicarious learning are given emphasis, the motivational and reinforcement variables may influence indirectly the level of response acquisition by augmenting or reducing the occurrence of requisite observing responses and facilitative covert rehearsal. Further to response learning, witnessing the reinforcement contingencies of a model is highly influential in modifying the extent to which similar existing patterns of social behavior can be exhibited by observers. The strength of inhibitory responses may likewise be significantly altered, and emotional responses may be vicariously conditioned and extinguished as a function of observing the reinforcing consequences to a model and his attendant affective reactions. The chapter identifies some of the social-learning variables determining the diverse behavioral effects on observers of exposure to socially modeled stimulus events.
384 citations
348 citations