Experimental Investigations of Particulate Size and Number Distribution in an Ethanol and Methanol Fueled HCCI Engine
01 Jan 2015-Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)-Vol. 137, Iss: 1, pp 012201
About: This article is published in Journal of Energy Resources Technology-transactions of The Asme.The article was published on 2015-01-01. It has received 44 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Homogeneous charge compression ignition & Internal combustion engine.
Citations
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TL;DR: Low temperature combustion (LTC) is an advanced combustion concept for internal combustion (IC) engines, which has attracted global attention in recent years as discussed by the authors, which offers prominent benefits in terms of simultaneous reduction of both oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and particulate matter (PM), in addition to reduction in specific fuel consumption (SFC).
320 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive review on the latest research progress, including the particulate matter formation mechanism of gasoline engines, effects of fuel/air mixture preparation strategies, fuel physical-chemical properties, and engine operating conditions on particulate size distribution characteristics, and the effects of the driving cycle on vehicle particulate emissions were summarized.
108 citations
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TL;DR: The current review article deliberates the insight view on biofuel powered HCCI engine with its homogeneous charge preparation techniques, which critically reviewed their characteristic features.
48 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art techniques and methods for vehicular emissions monitoring under real-world driving conditions are reviewed and discussed in detail, and several influencing factors which affect on-road and in laboratory measurements are identified and discussed.
Abstract: Vehicular emissions make significant contribution to the total ambient airborne pollutants. Global warming and human health concerns are motivating researchers to come out with newer ways of controlling air pollution effectively. On the other hand, there are significant challenges in complying with current and upcoming vehicle emission regulations, which are quite stringent. It is therefore quite important to monitor vehicular emissions closely, which can facilitate adopting effective control measures when necessary, and also in predicting the impact of vehicular emissions on ambient air quality. Traditionally, dynamometers (both engine and chassis) testing has been used extensively to measure and monitor vehicular emissions, and the database generated has been used as input in modeling the traffic-related air quality impact. Even though standard driving cycles are followed in dynamometer tests attempting to closely replicate real-world driving conditions, they may not necessarily represent actual real-world driving conditions and emissions thereof. Therefore, in recent years, significant scientific efforts have been directed to measure and analyze real-world driving emissions (RDE) from vehicles. In this paper, the state-of-the-art techniques and methods for vehicular emissions monitoring under real-world driving conditions are reviewed and discussed in detail. Different vehicle emissions monitoring methods are presented in comparison to dynamometer-based measurements. Several influencing factors which affect on-road and in laboratory measurements are identified and discussed. Potential applications of different emission control strategies are reviewed. Finally, guidelines are formulated for effective vehicular emissions monitoring, and to minimize discrepancies between on-road and laboratory based measurements, in order to have a sustainable road transport system in future.
44 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a single-cylinder engine fueled with MD10 and MD15 was compared with baseline mineral diesel using a fuel additive (1-dodecanol), and the results indicated that methanol blending with mineral diesel resulted in superior combustion, performance, emissions, and particulate characteristics.
Abstract: Miscibility of methanol in mineral diesel and stability of methanol–diesel blends are the main obstacles faced in the utilization of methanol in compression ignition engines. In this experimental study, combustion, performance, emissions, and particulate characteristics of a single-cylinder engine fueled with MD10 (10% v/v methanol blended with 90% v/v mineral diesel) and MD15 (15% v/v methanol blended with 85% v/v mineral diesel) are compared with baseline mineral diesel using a fuel additive (1-dodecanol). The results indicated that methanol blending with mineral diesel resulted in superior combustion, performance, and emission characteristics compared with baseline mineral diesel. MD15 emitted lesser number of particulates and NOx emissions compared with MD10 and mineral diesel. This investigation demonstrated that methanol–diesel blends stabilized using suitable additives can resolve several issues of diesel engines, improve their thermal efficiency, and reduce NOx and particulate emissions simultaneously.
36 citations
References
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TL;DR: Further work is required in specifying acceptable fuel characteristics, confirming the long-term effects on engine durability, and ensuring safety in handling and storing ethanol-diesel blends.
957 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the properties of butanol are compared with the conventional gasoline, diesel fuel, and some widely used biofuels, i.e. methanol, ethanol, biodiesel.
Abstract: Butanol is a very competitive renewable biofuel for use in internal combustion engines given its many advantages. In this review, the properties of butanol are compared with the conventional gasoline, diesel fuel, and some widely used biofuels, i.e. methanol, ethanol, biodiesel. The comparison of fuel properties indicates that n-butanol has the potential to overcome the drawbacks brought by low-carbon alcohols or biodiesel. Then, the development of butanol production is reviewed and various methods for increasing fermentative butanol production are introduced in detailed, i.e. metabolic engineering of the Clostridia, advanced fermentation technique. The most costive part of the fermentation is the substrate, so methods involved in renewed substrates are also mentioned. Next, the applications of butanol as a biofuel are summarized from three aspects: (1) fundamental combustion experiments in some well-defined burning reactors; (2) a substitute for gasoline in spark ignition engine; (3) a substitute for diesel fuel in compression ignition engine. These studies demonstrate that butanol, as a potential second generation biofuel, is a better alternative for the gasoline or diesel fuel, from the viewpoints of combustion characteristics, engine performance, and exhaust emissions. However, butanol has not been intensively studied when compared to ethanol or biodiesel, for which considerable numbers of reports are available. Finally, some challenges and future research directions are outlined in the last section of this review.
850 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometer (TDPBMS) and tandem differential mobility analyzers (TDMA) were used for on-line measurements of the chemical composition and volatility of nanoparticles and larger particles emitted from a modern, heavy-duty diesel engine operated at light and medium loads under laboratory conditions.
363 citations
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TL;DR: Results are consistent with a mechanism of nanoparticle formation involving nucleation of sulfuric acid and water, followed by particle growth by condensation of organic species, in diesel engine exhaust.
Abstract: Diesel engines are known to emit high number concentrations of nanoparticles (diameter < 50 nm), but the physical and chemical mechanisms by which they form are not understood. Information on chemical composition is lacking because the small size, low mass concentration, and potential for contamination of samples obtained by standard techniques make nanoparticles difficult to analyze. A nano-differential mobility analyzer was used to size-select nanoparticles (mass median diameter ∼25−60 nm) from diesel engine exhaust for subsequent chemical analysis by thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometry. Mass spectra were used to identify and quantify nanoparticle components, and compound molecular weights and vapor pressures were estimated from calibrated desorption temperatures. Branched alkanes and alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes from unburned fuel and/or lubricating oil appear to contribute most of the diesel nanoparticle mass. The volatility of the organic fraction of the aerosol increases as the engi...
336 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of intake air temperature on combustion parameters, thermal efficiency, combustion efficiency and emissions in a modified two-cylinder, four-stroke HCCI engine was analyzed and discussed in detail.
229 citations