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Book ChapterDOI

Experimental procedures for assessing electrical and thermal conductivity of polyaniline

TL;DR: In this article, the 3-omega method has become a readily accepted technique to directly measure the thermal conductivity of thin films of conducting polymers, and the morphology, concentration, and mixing mode of PANI composites were also found to have an impact on the conductivity.
Abstract: Conjugated polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) nanotubes are favorable materials for various applications from electronics to medicine, because of their wide range of conductivity, reasonable cost, processability, and effortlessness of their synthesis. Conducting polymers such as doped polyacetylene, polythiophene, and PANI have been subjects of active research for many years. PANI and its composites revealed suitable electrical properties as well as synthesis simplicity to be distinguished among the conducting family of polymers, so that their low percolation threshold in miscible blends was particularly noticeable. By manipulating polymerization parameters such as temperature, oxidant content, the media, and polymerization route it is possible to obtain conducting polymers having a wide range of properties. The 3-omega method has become a readily accepted technique to directly measure the thermal conductivity of thin films of conducting polymers. The morphology, concentration, and mixing mode of PANI composites were also found to have an impact on the conductivity. In this chapter, methods applied in measuring the thermal and electrical conductivity of PANI are comprehensively reviewed.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
04 Sep 2019
TL;DR: This review aims to address the research progress toward the use of electrically conductive materials for the modulation of cellular response at the material-tissue interface for tissue engineering applications.
Abstract: Tissue engineering endeavors to regenerate tissues and organs through appropriate cellular and molecular interactions at biological interfaces. To this aim, bio-mimicking scaffolds have been designed and practiced to regenerate and repair dysfunctional tissues by modifying cellular activity. Cellular activity and intracellular signaling are performances given to a tissue as a result of the function of elaborated electrically conductive materials. In some cases, conductive materials have exhibited antibacterial properties; moreover, such materials can be utilized for on-demand drug release. Various types of materials ranging from polymers to ceramics and metals have been utilized as parts of conductive tissue engineering scaffolds, having conductivity assortments from a range of semi-conductive to conductive. The cellular and molecular activity can also be affected by the microstructure; therefore, the fabrication methods should be evaluated along with an appropriate selection of conductive materials. This review aims to address the research progress toward the use of electrically conductive materials for the modulation of cellular response at the material-tissue interface for tissue engineering applications.

137 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, conductive chitosan was synthesized by coupling with aniline oligomers, and then conductive nanofibers were fabricated using electrospinning technique to mimic the tissue structure and properties.

63 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The result confirmed the appropriateness of PPS/rGO for tissue engineering uses and evaluated its performance as a wound dressing potentially.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Polaron and bipolaron rich polypyrrole (PPy) has been utilized as a solid support for effective photogenerated charge carrier separation and showed a drastically enhanced photocatalytic H2 production rate.
Abstract: Photocatalysis is one of the facile approaches for efficient solar energy conversion and storage. However, rapid charge carrier recombination considerably decreases solar to energy conversion efficiency. Herein, polaron and bipolaron rich polypyrrole (PPy) has been utilized as a solid support for effective photogenerated charge carrier separation. Simple oxidative polymerization using a high concentration of ammonium persulfate (APS) induces radical cation/bipolaron formation in PPy due to the cleavage of π-bonds as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The formation of radical cations led to an increase of the dielectric constant which retards the charge carrier recombination and thereby enhances the conductivity. Moreover, the polarons and bipolarons induced charge carrier separation in photocatalytic H2 production was studied with the well-known g-C3N4 photocatalyst. It is worth mentioning that compared to bare g-C3N4, the PPy supported system showed a drastically enhanced photocatalytic H2 production rate. A maximum H2 production rate of 1851 μmoles per g is achieved, which is ∼51 times higher than that of the bare g-C3N4 catalyst due to efficient charge carrier separation assisted by radical cations/bipolarons. Thus, utilizing this simple polaron and bipolaron rich PPy solid support could be an effective strategy and alternative for using noble metal cocatalysts to enhance charge carrier separation.

19 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An ac technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of dielectric solids between 30 and 750 K is described in this article, which can be applied to bulk amorphous solids and crystals.
Abstract: An ac technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of dielectric solids between 30 and 750 K is described This technique, the 3ω method, can be applied to bulk amorphous solids and crystals as well as amorphous films tens of microns thick Errors from black‐body radiation are calculated to be less than 2% even at 1000 K Data for a‐SiO2, Pyrex 7740, and Pyroceram 9606 are compared to results obtained by conventional techniques

1,729 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the emeraldine oxidation state of polyaniline was converted from an insulator to a metal by treatment with 1M aqueous HCl to form the corresponding salt, emeraldines hydrochloride.

1,286 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2010-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, a graphene nanosheet (GNS)/polyaniline (PANI) composite was synthesized using in situ polymerization and the morphology and microstructure of samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy.

969 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
A.F. Diaz1, J.A. Logan1

751 citations