Expert System for Calibrating Swmm
01 May 1989-Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management (American Society of Civil Engineers)-Vol. 115, Iss: 3, pp 278-298
TL;DR: An interactive user‐support framework has been developed to automate the calibration of the runoff block and acts as a front end to assist the user in the initial estimation of the parameter values and in building the SWMM input files.
Abstract: EPA'S Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) simulates all aspects of the hydrologic and quality cycles. Using expert system technology, an interactive user‐support framework has been developed to automate the calibration of the runoff block. It acts as a front end to assist the user in the initial estimation of the parameter values and in building the SWMM input files. It interprets the simulation results and suggests some useful adjustments in the value of significant parameters thus reducing the user's time and effort. For the interpretation of simulation results, production rules are employed to help the user decide what parameters need to be adjusted. Some heuristics have been developed to evaluate the new parameter values. The combination of simulation techniques and expert system methodologies facilitates the use of sophisticated models such as SWMM.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The essential concepts of the SCE-UA method are reviewed and the results of several experimental studies in which the National Weather Service river forecast system-soil moisture accounting model was calibrated using different algorithmic parameter setups are presented.
1,212 citations
Cites background from "Expert System for Calibrating Swmm"
...Furthermore, it can be very tedious and time-consuming (Baffaut and Delleur, 1989)....
[...]
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used GIS and stormwater model with a constrained optimization technique to estimate runoff parameters, and ten storms were used for calibration and validation, and the calibrated model predicted the observed outputs with reasonable accuracy.
Abstract: The Storm Water Management Model was adapted and calibrated to the Ballona Creek Watershed, a large urban catchment in Southern California. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to process the input data and generate the spatial distribution of precipitation. An optimization procedure using the complex method was incorporated to estimate runoff parameters, and ten storms were used for calibration and validation. The calibrated model predicted the observed outputs with reasonable accuracy. A sensitivity analysis showed the impact of the model parameters, and results were most sensitive to imperviousness and impervious depression storage and least sensitive to Manning roughness for surface flow. Optimized imperviousness was greater than imperviousness predicted from land-use information. The results demonstrate that this methodology of integrating GIS and stormwater model with a constrained optimization technique can be applied to large watersheds.
219 citations
TL;DR: Rosa et al. as mentioned in this paper used the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to simulate runoff and nutrient export from a low-impact development watershed and a watershed using traditional runoff controls.
Abstract: The Storm Water Management Model was used to simulate runoff and nutrient export from a lowimpact development (LID) watershed and a watershed using traditional runoff controls. Predictions werecompared to observed values. Uncalibrated simulations underpredicted weekly runoff volume and average peakflow rates from the multiple subcatchment LID watershed by over 80%; the single subcatchment traditionalwatershed had better predictions. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, Manning’s n for swales, and initial soilmoisture deficit were sensitive parameters. After calibration, prediction of total weekly runoff volume for theLID and traditional watersheds improved to within 12 and 5% of observed values, respectively. For the valida-tion period, predicted total weekly runoff volumes for the LID and traditional watersheds were within 6 and 2%of observed values, respectively. Water quality simulation was less successful, Nash–Sutcliffe coefficients >0.5for both calibration and validation periods were only achieved for prediction of total nitrogen export from theLID watershed. Simulation of a 100-year, 24-h storm resulted in a runoff coefficient of 0.46 for the LIDwatershed and 0.59 for the traditional watershed. Results suggest either calibration is needed to improve predic-tions for LID watersheds or expanded look-up tables for Green–Ampt infiltration parameter values that accountfor compaction of urban soil and antecedent conditions are needed.(KEY TERMS: SWMM; low impact development; modeling; simulation; calibration; runoff; infiltration; nutri-ents.)Rosa, David J., John C. Clausen, and Michael E. Dietz, 2015. Calibration and Verification of SWMM for LowImpact Development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-12. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12272INTRODUCTIONThe Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) isa widely used rainfall-runoff simulation model whoselatest version has the ability to model low impactdevelopment (LID) techniques (Rossman, 2009). Thegoal of LID is to maintain the pre-developmenthydrology of a site, thereby reducing negative effectson receiving waters (Prince George’s County, 1999a).Example LID practices include cluster development,bioretention areas, permeable pavement, and grassedswales that serve to reduce imperviousness and man-age stormwater runoff through storage, infiltration,evapotranspiration, and retention. LID practices usedat a watershed level have been demonstrated tosignificantly reduce stormwater runoff volume, peakflow and the mass exports of several pollutants instormwater compared with traditional development(Dietz and Clausen, 2008; Bedan and Clausen, 2009).LID design has traditionally been aimed at cap-turing and treating storms with return periods less
162 citations
Cites methods from "Expert System for Calibrating Swmm"
...Baffaut, C. and J. Delleur, 1989....
[...]
...Unsurprisingly, simulations using SWMM have found that volume and peak flow are most sensitive to percent of land area which is impervious (% Imperv) (Jewell et al., 1978; Baffaut and Delleur, 1989; Liong et al., 1991; Tsihrintzis and Hamid, 1998; Barco et al., 2008; Tan et al., 2008)....
[...]
01 May 2017
TL;DR: The level of detail underlying the conceptual model of SWMM versus its overall computational parsimony is well balanced, making it an adequate model for large and medium-scale hydrologic applications.
Abstract: The storm water management model (SWMM) is a widely used tool for urban drainage design and planning. Hundreds of peer-reviewed articles and conference proceedings have been written describing applications of SWMM. This review focuses on collecting information on model performance with respect to calibration and validation in the peer-reviewed literature. The major developmental history and applications of the model are also presented. The results provide utility to others looking for a quick reference to gauge the integrity of their own unique SWMM application. A gap analysis assesses the model's ability to perform water-quality simulations considering green infrastructure (GI)/low impact development (LID) designs and effectiveness. It is concluded that the level of detail underlying the conceptual model of SWMM versus its overall computational parsimony is well balanced-making it an adequate model for large and medium-scale hydrologic applications. However, embedding a new mechanistic algorithm or providing user guidance for coupling with other models will be necessary to realistically simulate diffuse pollutant sources, their fate and transport, and the effectiveness of GI/LID implementation scenarios.
151 citations
TL;DR: A new method of automatic calibration is proposed, which combines an effective optimization routine, based on multiobjective genetic algorithms, and Pareto preference ordering, and is used to calibrate the MIKE11/NAM rainfall‐runoff model for a Danish catchment.
Abstract: [1] Automatic calibration routines for hydrologic models with multiple objective capabilities are becoming increasingly popular due to advances in computational power, population-based optimization techniques, and the recognition that a single performance measure such as the root-mean-square error is no longer sufficient to characterize the complex behavior of the catchment. However, as more objective functions are included in the calibration, the number of Pareto-optimal solutions as well as the number of “near” Pareto-optimal parameter sets increases. The calibration problem quickly becomes a decision-making problem. In the practical sense, users of automatic calibration routines have to face the task of selecting a set of suitable model parameters from the numerous Pareto-optimal sets. A new method of automatic calibration is proposed, which combines an effective optimization routine, based on multiobjective genetic algorithms, and Pareto preference ordering. In this case, Pareto-optimal points that are also Pareto-optimal in different subspace combinations of the objective functions space are preferred. The proposed method is used to calibrate the MIKE11/NAM rainfall-runoff model for a Danish catchment. The results indicated that the method is able to sieve through the numerous Pareto-optimal solutions and select a small number of preferred solutions. This is extremely useful to modelers who typically are required to provide the best estimated parameter sets with good overall model performance.
149 citations
Cites background from "Expert System for Calibrating Swmm"
...The need for automatic calibration routines in hydrologic models has also been widely recognized over many years as demonstrated by the amount of work done in this area [Ibbitt and O’Donnell, 1971; Johnston and Pilgrim, 1976; Gupta and Sorooshian, 1985; Baffaut and Delleur, 1988; Sorooshian et al., 1993; Thyer et al., 1999; Madsen et al., 2002]....
[...]
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jul 1983
TL;DR: This book provides a broad introduction to the concepts and methods necessary for an understanding of how these systems work.
Abstract: Reading,Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub., 1983. 1: include bibliography: p. 405-420 -- (Teknowledge Series in Knowledge Engineering. Hayes-Roth, Frederick, series editor). This book is a collaboration of 38 expert system researchers and developers. It provides a broad introduction to the concepts and methods necessary for an understanding of how these systems work
2,252 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: The new edition of Prolog Guide to AI programming has been fully revised and extended to provide an even greater range of applications, enhancing its value as a stand-alone guide to Prolog, artificial intelligence, or AI programming.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
B> This best-selling guide to Prolog has been fully revised and extended to provide an even greater range of applications, enhancing its value as a stand-alone guide to Prolog, artificial intelligence, or AI programming. Ivan Bratko discusses natural language processing with grammar rules, planning, and machine learning. The coverage of meta-programming includes meta-interpreters and object-oriented programming in Prolog. The new edition includes coverage of: constraint logic programming; qualitative reasoning; inductive logic programming; recently developed algorithms; belief networks for handling uncertainty; and a major update on machine learning. This book is aimed at programmers who need to learn AI programming.
980 citations
01 Jul 1966
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the HYDROLOGIC CYCLE OF INFILTRATION, OVERLAND FLOW and EVAPOTRANSPIRATION, and a general simulator model is proposed.
Abstract: TECHNIQUES DEVELOPED FOR LARGE-SCALE DIGITAL COMPUTERS USING DATA ON RAINFALL, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND RUNOFF WERE DESCRIBED. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION INTO SIMULATION METHODS AND HYDROLOGIC MODELS IS FOLLOWED BY A DISCUSSION INTO THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE OF INFILTRATION, OVERLAND FLOW AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION. A GENERAL SIMULATION MODEL IS THEN DEVELOPED MATHEMATICALLY, THE OPERATION AND SIMULATION RESULTS BEING PRESENTED. THE APPLICATIONS OF SIMULATION TO WEATHER MODIFICATION, URBANIZATION AND HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL NETWORKS ARE ALSO MENTIONED. /RRL/
790 citations
TL;DR: A collateral benefit of this work is the systematization of previously unformalized knowledge in areas such as medical diagnosis and geology.
Abstract: Artificial intelligence, long a topic of basic computer science research, is now being applied to problems of scientific, technical, and commercial interest. Some consultation programs, although limited in versatility, have achieved levels of performance rivaling those of human experts. A collateral benefit of this work is the systematization of previously unformalized knowledge in areas such as medical diagnosis and geology.
375 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for calibrating coupled quantity-quality stormwater management model is presented, where the United States Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model is used as an example.
Abstract: A method for calibrating coupled quantity-quality stormwater management model is presented. The United States Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model is used as an example. Quantity and quality subroutines are separated and each is calibrated using measured data. Data from six storm events are used for quantity calibration and data from five storm events are used for quality calibration. Model parameters are adjusted, based on sensitivity analyses, until predicted and measured outputs are within stated calibration criteria. The calibrated models are then recombined and the coupled model is used to predict annual pollutant loadings. Loading rates are compared with loading rates predicted using a single storm event calibrated model.
41 citations