Exploring the oxidative mechanisms of bitumen after laboratory short- and long-term ageing
TL;DR: In this article, the identification of intermediate and final oxygenated products after short-and long-term laboratory ageing simulated with rolling thin-film oven testing (RTFOT) and pressurised ageing vessel (PAV) respectively was investigated.
About: This article is published in Construction and Building Materials.The article was published on 2021-06-28. It has received 34 citations till now.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a useful guide for road engineers by collecting all the existing microstructural trends that have been reported upon ageing by utilising some of the most promising microscopic techniques.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the impact of heating time and temperature as well as storage time and conditions on the oxidation of the bituminous specimen was investigated and the results showed that heating small quantities of bitumen at 180 °C for up to 30 min has little impact on the formation of oxidized species, when proper thermal monitoring is conducted.
Abstract: Abstract The application of chemical analysis on bituminous materials has increased drastically over the past decades. One of the most common spectroscopic methods used in the field of research is Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Since ATR-FTIR is a surface sensitive method, sample or specimen handling of a complex material like bitumen prior to its analysis needs to be considered, especially for people new to the field or analysis technique. This study looks at the impact of heating time and temperature as well as storage time and conditions on the oxidation of the bituminous specimen. Four binders from the same crude oil source but different specification classes (unmodified and styrene–butadiene–styrene polymer modified) and two binders from different crude oil sources were investigated. The results show that heating small quantities of bitumen at 180 °C for up to 30 min has little impact on the formation of oxidized species, when proper thermal monitoring is conducted. Special cases where oxidation does occur are reported in detail. Furthermore, strong oxidation is induced by day light, when bitumen is stored behind glass with no UV radiation present, which can reach short-term ageing level within 1 h. Thus, heating bitumen at 180 °C for 5–10 min followed by storage in the dark, climatized room and measured within one hour after preparation is recommended. These results should act as recommendation for future specimen handling prior to FTIR spectroscopic analysis to ensure unbiased and comparable measurements.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a review of multiscale evaluations of bitumen ageing behavior were reviewed to better understand the bitumen aging mechanism and contribute to future anti-ageing and binder rejuvenation work in this area.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of ageing on the bee structures of bitumen was investigated using two advanced microscopic techniques: an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and the results of the two techniques are in good agreement, reporting similar trends upon ageing for the relative bee density.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used for the microanalysis of base asphalt modified with natural rock asphalt as the asphalt modifier, and the ageing behavior and mechanism of asphalt were revealed from the microscopic point of view, establishing the relationship between macro and micro.
13 citations
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TL;DR: EasySpin provides extensive EPR-related functionality, ranging from elementary spin physics to data analysis, and provides routines for the simulation of liquid- and solid-state EPR and ENDOR spectra.
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TL;DR: The Merck Index as discussed by the authors is a one-volume encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals that contains more than 10,000 monographs, each monograph is a concise description of a single substance or a small group of closely related compounds.
Abstract: The Merck Index is a one-volume encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals that contains more than 10,000 monographs. Each monograph in this authoritative reference source is a concise description of a single substance or a small group of closely related compounds. Compounds included: * human and veterinary drugs * biotech drugs and monoclonal antibodies * substances used for medical imaging * biologicals and natural products * plants and traditional medicines * nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals * agriculturals, pesticides and herbicides * Organic chemicals used in research * Food additives and supplements * dyes, colors and indicators * environmentally significant substances Information provided: * chemical, common and generic names * Over 15,000 trademarks and associated companies * CAS Registry Numbers for over 12,000 compounds * Over 8,500 chemical structures * molecular formulae, weights and percentage composition * capsule statements identifying compound classes and scientific significance * scientific and patent literature references * physical and toxicity data * therapeutic and commercial uses * caution and hazard information In addition, there are more than 700 new and completely revised monographs, thousands of new references, trademarks and uses added to existing monographs. Now includes a companion CD-ROM which features 989 monographs no longer available in print, organic name reactions, supplemental tables and a new user interface for user-friendly searching. Features of the CD: * Searchable by keywords, references, and numerical properties * Search the complete contents of the 14th edition, plus nearly a thousand monographs archived from previous editions * Comes with a free one-year subscription to the Merck Index Internet Edition * Windows-compatible CD powered by CambridgeSoft's ChemFinder * Extensively revised supplemental tables now including acronyms, vaccines, and physical constants * More than 70 pages of hard to find information in one easy-to-use place
4,478 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of ageing on bitumen chemistry and rheology was studied, where seven bitumens were aged according to the thin film oven test and the rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT) and the binders were characterised using infrared spectroscopy, chromatography and dynamic mechanical analysis.
549 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared a direct and continued methodological approach of bitumen oxidation process (adapted IR cell), a road ageing, along with two ageing conventional tests: the Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) and the Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV).
489 citations