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Journal ArticleDOI

Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based HEV battery packs: Part 2. Modeling and identification

12 Aug 2004-Journal of Power Sources (Elsevier)-Vol. 134, Iss: 2, pp 262-276
TL;DR: In this article, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) was used to estimate the battery state of charge, power fade, capacity fade, and instantaneous available power of a hybrid electric vehicle battery pack.
About: This article is published in Journal of Power Sources.The article was published on 2004-08-12. It has received 1636 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Battery pack & State of charge.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Languang Lu1, Xuebing Han1, Jianqiu Li1, Jianfeng Hua, Minggao Ouyang1 
TL;DR: In this article, a brief introduction to the composition of the battery management system (BMS) and its key issues such as battery cell voltage measurement, battery states estimation, battery uniformity and equalization, battery fault diagnosis and so on, is given.

3,650 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the lithium ion battery hazards, thermal runaway theory, basic reactions, thermal models, simulations and experimental works is presented, and the related prevention techniques are summarized and discussed on the inherent safety methods and safety device methods.

1,825 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, extended Kalman filtering (EKF) is used to estimate battery state-of-charge, power fade, capacity fade, and instantaneous available power for hybrid-electric-vehicle battery packs.

1,587 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative study of twelve equivalent circuit models for Li-ion batteries is presented, which are selected from state-of-the-art lumped models reported in the literature.

1,463 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) was proposed to estimate the battery state of charge, power fade, capacity fade, and instantaneous available power of a hybrid-electric-vehicle battery pack.

1,260 citations


Cites methods from "Extended Kalman filtering for batte..."

  • ...We will define SOC more carefully later [3], but what is meant is an indication of the fraction of charge remaining in each cell, from 0 to 100%, available to do useful work....

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  • ...Note that there have been other reported methods for SOC estimation that use Kalman filtering [1,2], but the method in this series of papers expands on these results and also differs in some important respects, as will be outlined later [3]....

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  • ...The second paper [3] describes some mathematical cell models that may be used with this method....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, extended Kalman filtering (EKF) is used to estimate battery state-of-charge, power fade, capacity fade, and instantaneous available power for hybrid-electric-vehicle battery packs.

1,587 citations


"Extended Kalman filtering for batte..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Our model has many similarities to a circuit model, except that our fundamental “state” is SOC, not OCV....

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  • ...Keywords:Battery management system (BMS); Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); Extended Kalman filter (EKF); State of charge (SOC); State of health (SOH); Lithium-ion polymer battery (LiPB)...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) was proposed to estimate the battery state of charge, power fade, capacity fade, and instantaneous available power of a hybrid-electric-vehicle battery pack.

1,260 citations


"Extended Kalman filtering for batte..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Keywords:Battery management system (BMS); Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); Extended Kalman filter (EKF); State of charge (SOC); State of health (SOH); Lithium-ion polymer battery (LiPB)...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce commonly used methods for state-of-charge (SOC) determination and establish a relationship between the advantages of different methods and the most common applications.

1,089 citations


"Extended Kalman filtering for batte..." refers background in this paper

  • ...This paper has proposed five mathematical state-space structures for the purpose of modeling LiPB HEV cell dynamics for their eventual role in HEV BMS algorithms....

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  • ...This paper is the second in a series of three that describe advanced algorithms for a battery management system (BMS) for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) application....

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  • ...In the third paper [4], we will employ extended Kalman filtering from [3], using the cell models developed here, to implement HEV BMS algorithms....

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  • ...It describes the HEV environment and the requirement specifications for a BMS....

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  • ...This requirement is imposed by the HEV environment where the BMS has no direct control over current and voltage experienced by the battery pack—these are in the domain of the vehicle controller and inverter....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a thermal and electrochemical coupled model capable of predicting the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of temperature inside a battery, which can provide valuable internal information to help optimize the battery system in a cost effective manner.
Abstract: As a follow-up of previous work, 1,2 the present work is intended to develop a thermal and electrochemical coupled model capable of predicting the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of temperature inside a battery. It is known that temperature variations inside a battery may greatly affect its performance, life, and reliability. Battery physicochemical properties are generally strong functions of temperature. For example, the equilibrium pressure of hydrogen absorption-desorption, which significantly affects the open-circuit potential of the metal hydride electrode and hence the performance of nickel‐metal hydride batteries, is strongly dependent on temperature. 3 Capacity losses occur at low temperatures due to high internal resistances and at high temperatures due to rapid self-discharge. 4 Therefore, a proper operating temperature range is essential for a battery to achieve optimal performance. In order to prolong the battery cycle life, balanced utilization of active materials is desired, which requires a highly uniform temperature profile inside the battery to avoid localized degradation. More important, the battery temperature may increase significantly due to the self-accelerating characteristics of exothermic side reactions such as oxygen reactions in aqueous batteries, eventually causing thermal runaway. 5-8 An optimal operating range and a high uniformity in the internal temperature distribution constitute two thermal requirements for a battery to operate safely. These two are particularly important for advanced electric-vehicle batteries because of their high energy and power densities, large size, and high charge and discharge rates. Although experimental testing and microcalorimetric measurement 9-11 are necessary to obtain battery thermal data for design and optimization, a mathematical model based on first principles is capable of providing valuable internal information to help optimize the battery system in a cost-effective manner. In general, a battery thermal model is formulated based on the thermal energy balance over a representative elementary volume (REV) in a battery. The differential equation that describes the temperature distribution in the battery takes the following conservation form 12,13

613 citations


"Extended Kalman filtering for batte..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...A laboratory method for determining SOC is to completely discharge a cell, recording discharged ampere-hours, to determine its present remaining capacity....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review consolidates the literature on the prediction of the state-of-charge (SoC) of batteries by means of a.c. impedance measurements.

435 citations