Extension of the Generalized Hydrodynamics to the Dimensional Crossover Regime
TL;DR: The integrable hydrodynamics of the Lieb-Liniger model is extended with two additional components representing the population of atoms in the first and second transverse excited states, thus enabling a description of quasi-1D condensates.
Abstract: In an effort to address integrability breaking in cold gas experiments, we extend the integrable hydrodynamics of the Lieb-Liniger model with two additional components representing the population of atoms in the first and second transverse excited states, thus enabling a description of quasi-1D condensates. Collisions between different components are accounted for through the inclusion of a Boltzmann-type collision integral in the hydrodynamic equation. Contrary to standard generalized hydrodynamics, our extended model captures thermalization of the condensate at a rate consistent with experimental observations from a quantum Newton's cradle setup.
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28 Aug 2020
TL;DR: The main aspects of generalised hydrodynamics, a hydrodynamic theory for quantum and classical many-body integrable systems, were discussed in a series of lectures at the Les Houches Summer School on Integrability in Atomic and Condensed Matter Physics as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: These are lecture notes for a series of lectures given at the Les Houches Summer School on Integrability in Atomic and Condensed Matter Physics, 30 July to 24 August 2018. The same series of lectures has also been given at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, October 2019. I overview in a pedagogical fashion the main aspects of the theory of generalised hydrodynamics, a hydrodynamic theory for quantum and classical many-body integrable systems. Only very basic knowledge of hydrodynamics and integrable systems is assumed.
113 citations
TL;DR: Results show that GHD can accurately describe the quantum dynamics of a 1D nearly integrable experimental system even when particle numbers are low and density changes are large and fast.
Abstract: The dynamics of strongly interacting many-body quantum systems are notoriously complex and difficult to simulate. A new theory, generalized hydrodynamics (GHD), promises to efficiently accomplish such simulations for nearly-integrable systems. It predicts the evolution of the distribution of rapidities, which are the momenta of the quasiparticles in integrable systems. GHD was recently tested experimentally for weakly interacting atoms, but its applicability to strongly interacting systems has not been experimentally established. Here we test GHD with bundles of one-dimensional (1D) Bose gases by performing large trap quenches in both the strong and intermediate coupling regimes. We measure the evolving distribution of rapidities, and find that theory and experiment agree well over dozens of trap oscillations, for average dimensionless coupling strengths that range from 0.3 to 9.3. By also measuring momentum distributions, we gain experimental access to the interaction energy and thus to how the quasiparticles themselves evolve. The accuracy of GHD demonstrated here confirms its wide applicability to the simulation of nearly-integrable quantum dynamical systems. Future experimental studies are needed to explore GHD in spin chains, as well as the crossover between GHD and regular hydrodynamics in the presence of stronger integrability breaking perturbations.
72 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a generalized hydrodynamics (GHD) theory is proposed to simulate the dynamics of strongly interacting many-body quantum systems, which are notoriously complex and difficult to simulate.
Abstract: The dynamics of strongly interacting many-body quantum systems are notoriously complex and difficult to simulate. A recently proposed theory called generalized hydrodynamics (GHD) promises to effic...
59 citations
TL;DR: The main aspects of generalised hydrodynamics, a hydrodynamic theory for quantum and classical many-body integrable systems, were discussed in a series of lectures at the Les Houches Summer School on Integrability in Atomic and Condensed Matter Physics as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: These are lecture notes for a series of lectures given at the Les Houches Summer School on Integrability in Atomic and Condensed Matter Physics, 30 July to 24 August 2018. The same series of lectures has also been given at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, October 2019. I overview in a pedagogical fashion the main aspects of the theory of generalised hydrodynamics, a hydrodynamic theory for quantum and classical many-body integrable systems. Only very basic knowledge of hydrodynamics and integrable systems is assumed.
46 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent experimental and theoretical progress concerning many-body phenomena in dilute, ultracold gases is presented, focusing on effects beyond standard weakcoupling descriptions, such as the Mott-Hubbard transition in optical lattices, strongly interacting gases in one and two dimensions, or lowest-Landau-level physics in quasi-two-dimensional gases in fast rotation.
Abstract: This paper reviews recent experimental and theoretical progress concerning many-body phenomena in dilute, ultracold gases. It focuses on effects beyond standard weak-coupling descriptions, such as the Mott-Hubbard transition in optical lattices, strongly interacting gases in one and two dimensions, or lowest-Landau-level physics in quasi-two-dimensional gases in fast rotation. Strong correlations in fermionic gases are discussed in optical lattices or near-Feshbach resonances in the BCS-BEC crossover.
6,601 citations
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01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, the Sine-Gordon F.1. Peculiarities of d = 1 2. Bosonization 3. Luttinger liquids 4. Refinements 5. Microscopic methods 6. Spin 1/2 chains 7. Interacting fermions on a lattice 8. Coupled fermionic chains 9. Disordered systems 10. Boundaries and isolated impurities 11.
Abstract: 1. Peculiarities of d=1 2. Bosonization 3. Luttinger liquids 4. Refinements 5. Microscopic methods 6. Spin 1/2 chains 7. Interacting fermions on a lattice 8. Coupled fermionic chains 9. Disordered systems 10. Boundaries and isolated impurities 11. Significant others A. Basics of many body B. Not so important fine technical points C. Correlation functions D. Bosonization directory E. Sine-Gordon F. Numerical solution
3,131 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a generic isolated quantum many-body system does relax to a state well described by the standard statistical-mechanical prescription, and it is shown that time evolution itself plays a merely auxiliary role in relaxation, and that thermalization instead happens at the level of individual eigenstates, as first proposed by Deutsch and Srednicki.
Abstract: It is demonstrated that an isolated generic quantum many-body system does relax to a state well described by the standard statistical mechanical prescription The thermalization happens at the level of individual eigenstates, allowing the computation of thermal averages from knowledge of any eigenstate in the microcanonical energy window An understanding of the temporal evolution of isolated many-body quantum systems has long been elusive Recently, meaningful experimental studies1,2 of the problem have become possible, stimulating theoretical interest3,4,5,6,7 In generic isolated systems, non-equilibrium dynamics is expected8,9 to result in thermalization: a relaxation to states in which the values of macroscopic quantities are stationary, universal with respect to widely differing initial conditions, and predictable using statistical mechanics However, it is not obvious what feature of many-body quantum mechanics makes quantum thermalization possible in a sense analogous to that in which dynamical chaos makes classical thermalization possible10 For example, dynamical chaos itself cannot occur in an isolated quantum system, in which the time evolution is linear and the spectrum is discrete11 Some recent studies4,5 even suggest that statistical mechanics may give incorrect predictions for the outcomes of relaxation in such systems Here we demonstrate that a generic isolated quantum many-body system does relax to a state well described by the standard statistical-mechanical prescription Moreover, we show that time evolution itself plays a merely auxiliary role in relaxation, and that thermalization instead happens at the level of individual eigenstates, as first proposed by Deutsch12 and Srednicki13 A striking consequence of this eigenstate-thermalization scenario, confirmed for our system, is that knowledge of a single many-body eigenstate is sufficient to compute thermal averages—any eigenstate in the microcanonical energy window will do, because they all give the same result
2,598 citations
TL;DR: The density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) as mentioned in this paper is a numerical algorithm for the efficient truncation of the Hilbert space of low-dimensional strongly correlated quantum systems based on a rather general decimation prescription.
Abstract: The density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is a numerical algorithm for the efficient truncation of the Hilbert space of low-dimensional strongly correlated quantum systems based on a rather general decimation prescription. This algorithm has achieved unprecedented precision in the description of one-dimensional quantum systems. It has therefore quickly become the method of choice for numerical studies of such systems. Its applications to the calculation of static, dynamic, and thermodynamic quantities in these systems are reviewed here. The potential of DMRG applications in the fields of two-dimensional quantum systems, quantum chemistry, three-dimensional small grains, nuclear physics, equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical physics, and time-dependent phenomena is also discussed. This review additionally considers the theoretical foundations of the method, examining its relationship to matrix-product states and the quantum information content of the density matrices generated by the DMRG.
2,341 citations