Journal ArticleDOI
Extension of the MSIS Thermosphere Model into the middle and lower atmosphere
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In this paper, the MSIS-86 empirical model has been extended into the mesosphere and lower atmosphere to provide a single analytic model for calculating temperature and density profiles representative of the climatological average for various geophysical conditions.Abstract:
The MSIS-86 empirical model has been revised in the lower thermosphere and extended into the mesosphere and lower atmosphere to provide a single analytic model for calculating temperature and density profiles representative of the climatological average for various geophysical conditions. Tabulations from the Handbook for MAP 16 are the primary guide for the lower atmosphere and are supplemented by historical rocket and incoherent scatter data in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Low-order spherical harmonics and Fourier series are used to describe the major variations throughout the atmosphere including latitude, annual, semiannual, and simplified local time and longitude variations. While month to month details cannot be completely represented, lower atmosphere temperature data are fit to an overall standard deviation of 3 K and pressure to 2%. Comparison with rocket and other data indicates that the model represents current knowledge of the climatological average reasonably well, although there is some conflict as to details near the mesopause.read more
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Nrlmsise-00 Empirical Model of the Atmosphere: Statistical Comparisons and Scientific Issues
TL;DR: The new NRLMSISE-00 model and the associated NRLMSIS database now include the following data: (1) total mass density from satellite accelerometers and from orbit determination, including the Jacchia and Barlier data; (2) temperature from incoherent scatter radar, and; (3) molecular oxygen number density, [O2], from solar ultraviolet occultation aboard the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM).
Journal ArticleDOI
Migrating and nonmigrating diurnal tides in the middle and upper atmosphere excited by tropospheric latent heat release
Maura E. Hagan,Jeffrey M. Forbes +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the global scale wave model (GSWM) is used to investigate mesospheric and lower thermospheric migrating and non-migrating diurnal tidal components that propagate upward from the troposphere, where they are excited by latent heat release associated with deep tropical convection.
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A new dynamic approach for statistical optimization of GNSS radio occultation bending angles for optimal climate monitoring utility
Yongxiang Li,Gottfried Kirchengast,Barbara Scherllin-Pirscher,Suqin Wu,M. Schwaerz,J. Fritzer,S. Zhang,Brett Carter,Kefei Zhang +8 more
TL;DR: An advanced dynamic statistical optimization algorithm is introduced, which uses bending angles from multiple days of European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) short-range forecast and analysis fields, together with averaged-observed bending angles, to obtain background profiles and associated error covariance matrices with geographically varying background uncertainty estimates on a daily updated basis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive numerical algorithms in space weather modeling
Gabor Toth,Bart van der Holst,Igor V. Sokolov,D. L. De Zeeuw,Tamas I. Gombosi,Fang Fang,Ward B. Manchester,Xing Meng,Dalal Najib,Kenneth G. Powell,Quentin F. Stout,Alex Glocer,Yingjuan Ma,Merav Opher +13 more
TL;DR: The framework and the adaptive algorithms enable physics-based space weather modeling and even short-term forecasting and the algorithms of BATL, the Block-Adaptive Tree Library, are described and its efficiency and scaling properties for various problems are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Empirical wind model for the upper, middle and lower atmosphere
A. E. Hedin,E. L. Fleming,A. H. Manson,F. J. Schmidlin,Susan K. Avery,R.R. Clark,Steven J. Franke,Grahame J. Fraser,Toshitaka Tsuda,François Vial,Robert A. Vincent +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the HWM90 thermospheric wind model has been revised in the lower thermosphere and extended into the mesosphere, stratosphere and lower atmosphere to provide a single analytic model for calculating zonal and meridional wind profiles representative of the climatological average for various geophysical conditions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
MSIS‐86 Thermospheric Model
TL;DR: The MSIS-86 empirical model of thermospheric temperature, density and composition as discussed by the authors uses new temperature and composition data from the Dynamics Explorer satellite to improve the representation of polar region morphology over that in theMSIS-83 model.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of breaking gravity waves on the dynamics and chemical composition of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Rolando R. Garcia,Susan Solomon +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of breaking gravity waves on the dynamics and chemical composition of the 60- to 110-km region has been investigated with a two-dimensional dynamical/chemical model that includes a parameterization of gravity wave drag and diffusion.
Revised static models of the thermosphere and exosphere with empircial temperature profiles
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present static models with empirical thermal profiles, giving temperature, density and composition as a function of height, for both the atmosphere and exosphere static models.
Journal ArticleDOI
A revised thermospheric model based on mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter data - MSIS-83
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extended the previous description of neutral parameters to the base of the thermosphere in a continuous manner while maintaining the basic structure of the MSIS model at higher altitudes.
Thermospheric temperature, density, and composition: New models
TL;DR: In this paper, a set of formulae were proposed to compute the exospheric temperature and the expected deviations from the static models as a result of all the recognized types of thermospheric variation.