Externalities and stability in social cloud
01 Nov 2014-pp 1-6
TL;DR: A pairwise resource (or pairwise service) sharing social network model is presented to explore the interdependence between social structure and resource (service) availability for an individual user or player and investigates effects of social structure on individual resource availability.
Abstract: Social Clouds have been gaining importance because of their potential for efficient and stable resource sharing without any (monetary) cost implications . There is a need, however, to look at how a social structure or relationship evolves to build a Social Cloud (by identifying factors that affect the social structure) and how social structure impacts individual resource sharing behavior. This paper presents a pairwise resource (or pairwise service) sharing social network model to explore the interdependence between social structure and resource (service) availability for an individual user or player. The paper also investigates effects of social structure on individual resource availability. Further, the paper analyzes positive and negative externalities, and aims to characterize stable social clouds.
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TL;DR: In this article, the impact of link formation between a pair of agents on the resource availability of other agents in a social cloud network, a special case of end-to-end networks, is investigated.
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of link formation between a pair of agents on the resource availability of other agents (that is, externalities) in a social cloud network, a special case of endo...
4 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impact of link formation between a pair of agents on the resource availability of other agents (that is, externalities) in a social cloud network, a special case of endogenous sharing economy networks.
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of link formation between a pair of agents on the resource availability of other agents (that is, externalities) in a social cloud network, a special case of endogenous sharing economy networks. Specifically, we study how the closeness between agents and the network size affect externalities.
We conjecture, and experimentally support, that for an agent to experience positive externalities, an increase in its closeness is necessary. The condition is not sufficient though. We, then, show that for populated ring networks, one or more agents experience positive externalities due to an increase in the closeness of agents. Further, the initial distance between agents forming a link has a direct bearing on the number of beneficiaries, and the number of beneficiaries is always less than that of non-beneficiaries.
2 citations
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25 Nov 2018
TL;DR: It is shown that network density is inversely proportional to positive externalities, and further, it plays a crucial role in determining the kind of externalities.
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of link formation between a pair of agents on resource availability of other agents in a social cloud network, which is a special case of socially-based resource sharing systems. Specifically, we study the correlation between externalities, network size, and network density.
We first conjecture and experimentally support that if an agent experiences positive externalities, then its closeness (harmonic centrality measure) should increase. Next, we show the following for ring networks: in less populated networks no agent experiences positive externalities; in more populated networks a set of agents experience positive externalities, and larger the distance between agents forming a link, more the number of beneficiaries; and the number of beneficiaries is always less than the number of non-beneficiaries. Finally, we show that network density is inversely proportional to positive externalities, and further, it plays a crucial role in determining the kind of externalities.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors considered the social cloud as an endogenous resource-sharing network, where agents are involved in closeness-based conditional resource sharing and studied the impact of agents' decisions of link addition and deletion on their own local and global resource availability as well as on others' global resources availability.
Abstract: Social cloud has emerged as a case of sharing economy, where socially connected agents share their computing resources within the community. This paper considers the social cloud as an endogenous resource-sharing network, where agents are involved in closeness-based conditional resource sharing. This study focuses on (1) the impact of agents' decisions of link addition and deletion on their own local and global resource availability as well as on others' global resource availability (as spillover effects), (2) the role of agents' closeness in determining spillover effects, (3) agents' link addition behavior, and (4) stability and efficiency of the social cloud. The findings include the following: (i) Agents' decision of link addition (deletion) increases (decreases) their local resource availability. However, these observations do not hold in the case of global resource availability. (ii) In a connected network, agents experience either a positive or a negative spillover effect and there is no case with no spillover effects. Agents observe no spillover effects if and only if the network is disconnected with three or more components. Furthermore, an agent experiences negative spillover if there is no change in its closeness. Although an increase in the closeness of agents is necessary to experience positive spillover effects, the condition is not sufficient. (iii) We study the relation between agents' distance from each other, and their local as well as global resource availabilities. We prove that the local resource availability of an agent from another agent increases with decrease in the distance between them and that maximum local resource availability is obtained from the agent with the least closeness. Using these results, we discuss which agent to add a link to, so as to maximize the local resource availability. We discuss why such results are difficult to establish for global resource availability. However, in a two-diameter network, we show that for an agent, link formation always increases the global resource availability. (iv) We also study resource-sharing network formation and its efficiency in a strategic setting. We prove the existence of a pairwise stable network. Furthermore, we provide a set of conditions for a few prominent network structures (star, complete, wheel, and bipartite networks) to be pairwise stable. We show that the “connected in pairs, otherwise disconnected” network is better than a connected network, in terms of social welfare.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the impact of link addition and deletion on local and global resource availability, and analyze spillover effects in terms of the impact between a pair of agents on others' utility.
Abstract: This paper focuses on social cloud formation, where agents are involved in a closeness-based conditional resource sharing and build their resource sharing network themselves The objectives of this paper are: (1) to investigate the impact of agents' decisions of link addition and deletion on their local and global resource availability, (2) to analyze spillover effects in terms of the impact of link addition between a pair of agents on others' utility, (3) to study the role of agents' closeness in determining what type of spillover effects these agents experience in the network, and (4) to model the choices of agents that suggest with whom they want to add links in the social cloud The findings include the following Firstly, agents' decision of link addition (deletion) increases (decreases) their local resource availability However, these observations do not hold in the case of global resource availability Secondly, in a connected network, agents experience either positive or negative spillover effect and there is no case with no spillover effects Agents observe no spillover effects if and only if the network is disconnected and consists of more than two components (sub-networks) Furthermore, if there is no change in the closeness of an agent (not involved in link addition) due to a newly added link, then the agent experiences negative spillover effect Although an increase in the closeness of agents is necessary in order to experience positive spillover effects, the condition is not sufficient By focusing on parameters such as closeness and shortest distances, we provide conditions under which agents choose to add links so as to maximise their resource availability
References
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TL;DR: This work characterizes networked structures in terms of nodes (individual actors, people, or things within the network) and the ties, edges, or links that connect them.
Abstract: Social Network Analysis Methods And Social network analysis (SNA) is the process of investigating social structures through the use of networks and graph theory. It characterizes networked structures in terms of nodes (individual actors, people, or things within the network) and the ties, edges, or links (relationships or interactions) that connect them. Examples of social structures commonly visualized through social network ...
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TL;DR: The authors present an extensible and open Grid architecture, in which protocols, services, application programming interfaces, and software development kits are categorized according to their roles in enabling resource sharing.
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Posted Content•
TL;DR: This article reviews the "Grid problem," and presents an extensible and open Grid architecture, in which protocols, services, application programming interfaces, and software development kits are categorized according to their roles in enabling resource sharing.
Abstract: "Grid" computing has emerged as an important new field, distinguished from conventional distributed computing by its focus on large-scale resource sharing, innovative applications, and, in some cases, high-performance orientation. In this article, we define this new field. First, we review the "Grid problem," which we define as flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources-what we refer to as virtual organizations. In such settings, we encounter unique authentication, authorization, resource access, resource discovery, and other challenges. It is this class of problem that is addressed by Grid technologies. Next, we present an extensible and open Grid architecture, in which protocols, services, application programming interfaces, and software development kits are categorized according to their roles in enabling resource sharing. We describe requirements that we believe any such mechanisms must satisfy, and we discuss the central role played by the intergrid protocols that enable interoperability among different Grid systems. Finally, we discuss how Grid technologies relate to other contemporary technologies, including enterprise integration, application service provider, storage service provider, and peer-to-peer computing. We maintain that Grid concepts and technologies complement and have much to contribute to these other approaches.
3,595 citations
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...The idea of Social Cloud computing is inspired from various computing frameworks like grid VO [6] , volunteer computing [7] , P2P storage network [8]....
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TL;DR: Cassandra is a distributed storage system for managing very large amounts of structured data spread out across many commodity servers, while providing highly available service with no single point of failure.
Abstract: Cassandra is a distributed storage system for managing very large amounts of structured data spread out across many commodity servers, while providing highly available service with no single point of failure. Cassandra aims to run on top of an infrastructure of hundreds of nodes (possibly spread across different data centers). At this scale, small and large components fail continuously. The way Cassandra manages the persistent state in the face of these failures drives the reliability and scalability of the software systems relying on this service. While in many ways Cassandra resembles a database and shares many design and implementation strategies therewith, Cassandra does not support a full relational data model; instead, it provides clients with a simple data model that supports dynamic control over data layout and format. Cassandra system was designed to run on cheap commodity hardware and handle high write throughput while not sacrificing read efficiency.
2,870 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes generalizations that combine tie strength and node centrality, and illustrates the benefits of this approach by applying one of them to Freeman’s EIES dataset.
2,713 citations
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...To avoid few methodological issues raised owing to infinite distance between two players, Opshal et al. [17] , refine the above closeness index (1) and redefine it as sum of inverse shortest paths to all other players instead of inversed sum of geodesic path to all other players: ....
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