Journal Article•
Extraintestinal manifestations of shigellosis.
About: This article is published in The American Journal of Gastroenterology.The article was published on 1970-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 101 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Shigellosis.
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01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: Kowlessar and ForbeS2 noted a 12 per cent incidence of convulsions in their series of shigella enteritis, and concluded that arthritis has often been seen, either monoarticular or migratory, but aspiration of the joints is usually negative on culture.
Abstract: quent extraintestinal manifestation they observed was convulsions; these occurred in 13 per cent of their cases. Kowlessar and ForbeS2 noted a 12 per cent incidence of convulsions in their series of shigella enteritis. Respiratory symptoms were present in 10 to 20 per cent of the patients in Miami. Arthritis has often been seen, either monoarticular or migratory, but aspirates of the joints are usually negative on culture.
793 citations
TL;DR: A review of available information leads to the conclusion that an oral vaccine consisting of a combination of antigens, intending to stimulate both antibacterial and antitoxic immunity, would be most likely to succeed.
597 citations
TL;DR: A strain of Shigella dysenteriae 1, freshly isolated from a patient with dysentery in Guatemala in August 1969, was found to elaborate an enterotoxin into the liquid of broth cultures, and it is suggested that it be renamed ShIGella enterot toxin in recognition of the physiologically more relevant biological action.
Abstract: A strain of Shigella dysenteriae 1, freshly isolated from a patient with dysentery in Guatemala in August 1969, was found to elaborate an enterotoxin into the liquid of broth cultures. Partial purification of the enterotoxin by ultrafiltration on graded polymeric membranes and Sephadex gel filtration (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, Inc., Piscataway, N. J.) suggested an approximate molecular weight of 55,000-60,000. The partially purified toxin was heat-labile, pronase sensitive, and activated by alkaline pH, and it elicited fluid production in ligated rabbit ileal segments; it failed, however, to cause increased vascular permeability in skin. When the activities of equal weights of identically prepared Vibrio cholerae and S. dysenteriae enterotoxins were compared in the rabbit ileum the latter caused a significantly smaller volume response with increased concentrations of potassium, chloride, and protein. The previously described neurotoxic (mouse lethal) factor was also present and eluted from Sephadex G-150 with the enterotoxin. If these biological activities prove to be possessed by a single molecular species, it is suggested that it be renamed Shigella enterotoxin in recognition of the physiologically more relevant biological action.
295 citations
Cites background from "Extraintestinal manifestations of s..."
...occur with equal frequency during infection with all Shigella species (35) and were, in fact, strikingly absent in the recent S....
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TL;DR: This research presents a novel and scalable Shigella Vaccine Development Program that aims to provide real-time information about the immune response to the vaccine and its application in clinical practice.
Abstract: Myron M. Levine, Herbert L. DuPont, Samuel B. Formal, Richard B. Hornick, Akio Takeuchi, Eugene J. Gangarosa, Merrill J. Snyder, and Joseph P. Libonati From the Shigella Vaccine Development Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.; and the Bacterial Diseases Branch, Epidemiology Program, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia
231 citations
Cites background from "Extraintestinal manifestations of s..."
...While it was at one time suggested that the Shiga neurotoxin accounted for the neurologic complications seen with Shiga dysentery [36], this assumption is now in disrepute since convulsions are encountered as commonly with infection by the other nontoxigenic species of shigella [37]....
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TL;DR: The range of biologic agents capable of infecting persons with the disease is now known to be much broader, as has been recognized by recent modifications in the definition of AIDS.
Abstract: THE etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), induces the progressive, time-dependent destruction of the T4 lymphocyte, a cell that is central to the integrity of the cellular immune system. Infections against which cellular immune mechanisms play an important defensive part therefore occur with markedly increased frequency in patients with severe HIV disease. Twelve of these infections were included in the initial definition of AIDS; however, the range of biologic agents capable of infecting persons with the disease is now known to be much broader, as has been recognized by recent modifications in the definition . . .
188 citations