Extremely Opportunistic Routing with Expected Transmission Count to Improve QoS in Hybrid Wireless Networks
23 Sep 2011-pp 449-458
TL;DR: Dynamic nature of mobility in wireless networks has paved way for a new paradigm of communication in this era, and Opportunistic Routing (OR) technique attempts to deal with unreliable transmissions by utilizing the broadcast nature and spatial diversity of the wireless medium, in an efficient manner.
Abstract: Dynamic nature of mobility in wireless networks has paved way for a new paradigm of communication in this era. Routing protocol design for hybrid wireless network is critical in order to improve the performance and reliability of the network. A good routing scheme increases the packet delivery ratio and the throughput of the network and thus improves the quality of service. Opportunistic Routing (OR) technique attempts to deal with unreliable transmissions by utilizing the broadcast nature and spatial diversity of the wireless medium, in an efficient manner [3].
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TL;DR: A new QoS aware and Energy efficient Opportunistic Routing protocol (QEOR) to efficiently routing data under QoS and energy constraints for WSNs and results show that QEOR provides best performances as compared to other OR protocols.
Abstract: Energy efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) providing are known to be critical design concerns in routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Recent studies, demonstrate that Opportunistic Routing (OR) can greatly improve the performance of WSNs by exploiting the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. In this paper, we propose a new QoS aware and Energy efficient Opportunistic Routing protocol (QEOR) to efficiently routing data under QoS and energy constraints for WSNs. QEOR uses a new multi-metric QoS based candidate selection method in order to accurately select and prioritise the candidate forwarders. The selection is focused on a QoS function that takes into consideration the reliabilty of buffers and links, while the prioritisation is established according to transmission delays. To achieve an obvious improvement on the energy consumption, QEOR uses an energy efficient coordination method and an implicit ACKnowledgement scheme for collision and redundancy avoidance. Simulation...
8 citations
Cites background from "Extremely Opportunistic Routing wit..."
...[8] This is done by exploiting the broadcast nature of the wireless medium in an efficient manner such that one transmission can be overheard by multiple nodes.[9] OR is considered as a promising direction for improving the performance of WSNs, thanks to the following offered advantages....
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TL;DR: The novel concept of rendezvous place where the passing nodes can announce, deposit, or pick up their own messages without having to meet the other nodes carrying the desired message is introduced.
Abstract: An opportunistic network is a network where the nodes need to communicate with each other even if existing routes between them may not permanently exist due to the nodes’ random movement. Most routing algorithms employ a paradigm by which a node can keep the receiving messages, carrying the messages with them when moving and then forwarding the messages to the opportunistic meeting nodes when possible. This routing model works well in the networks with high-to-moderate node density in which the opportunity that the moving nodes can meet with each other is rather high. On the other hand, the delivery ratio becomes remarkably low in the sparse network environment especially when there is a strict constraint on message delivery deadline. In this paper, we introduce the novel concept of rendezvous place where the passing nodes can announce, deposit, or pick up their own messages without having to meet the other nodes carrying the desired message. The rendezvous place can be detected automatically and its area’s shape is dynamically changed according to the interaction among nodes. The results from extensive simulations show that our routing algorithm can achieve higher delivery ratio and utilize lower energy consumption than traditional opportunistic routing algorithms especially in sparse network environment.
4 citations
References
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08 Mar 2005
TL;DR: This paper provides a systematic performance evaluation, taking into account different node densities, channel qualities and traffic rates to identify the cases when opportunistic routing makes sense.
Abstract: Different opportunistic routing protocols have been proposed recently for routing in sensor networks. These protocols exploit the redundancy among nodes by using a node that is available for routing at the time of packet transmission. This mitigates the effect of varying channel conditions and duty cycling of nodes that make static selection of routes not viable. However, there is a downside as each hop may provide extremely small progress towards the destination or the signaling overhead for selecting the forwarding node may be too large. In this paper, we provide a systematic performance evaluation, taking into account different node densities, channel qualities and traffic rates to identify the cases when opportunistic routing makes sense. The metrics we use are power consumption at the nodes, average delay suffered by packets and goodput of the protocol. Our baseline for comparison is geographic routing with nodes being duty cycled to conserve energy. The paper also identifies optimal operation points for opportunistic routing that minimizes the power consumption at nodes.
100 citations
11 May 2003
TL;DR: Simulation results show that with a large percentage of short web-based traffic sessions, using a gateway as a default router results in better performance with lower latency, fewer routing table entries, and manageable control overhead.
Abstract: Hybrid wireless networks are a viable networking solution to combat the limitations of infrastructured wireless networks and provide Internet connectivity to ad hoc networks. This paper first analyzes the requirements for deployment of hybrid networks in different application scenarios. Then two routing schemes designed for different traffic patterns in hybrid networks are proposed to achieve optimal performance. Simulation results show that with a large percentage of short web-based traffic sessions, using a gateway as a default router results in better performance with lower latency, fewer routing table entries, and manageable control overhead. When traffic locality is high and Internet traffic is only an occasional occurrence, the reactive routing scheme results in better performance, yielding low control overhead and higher throughput.
27 citations
06 Jan 2009
TL;DR: A novel routing metric STR (successful transmission rate) is proposed to choose the forwarder list, which is based on total successful transmission rate and considers multi-links contribution, instead of one "best" link information used in ETX.
Abstract: Opportunistic routing is a new design trend of wireless network routing protocol. It takes good advantages of the broadcast nature of wireless network. The source can use multiple potential paths to deliver the packets to the destination. The routing metric used for selecting the forwarder lists is very important for designing the opportunistic routing scheme. In this paper, we propose a novel routing metric STR (successful transmission rate) to choose the forwarder list, which is based on total successful transmission rate. It considers multi-links contribution, instead of one "best" link information used in ETX. We also introduce the fair opportunistic routing with linear coding (FORLC) scheme using our STR metric. The extensive simulation results show that the opportunistic routing with our STR metrics can always outperform ETXbased ExOR scheme. The maximum benefit of the throughput using the STR based FORLC can be 30% more than the ETX based MORE. It also has at most 10 times throughputs than traditional routing protocol.
20 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: This paper proposes to organize the ad hoc traffic based on the adjacency of each node itself instead of the base station, and proposes an L-maximum-hop routing strategy in order to obtain improved spectrum efficiency.
Abstract: The capacity of ad hoc network is constrained by the multihop relay traffic. We investigate a hybrid wireless network with base stations distributed in an ad hoc network in order to localize the ad hoc traffic. We propose to organize the ad hoc traffic based on the adjacency of each node itself instead of the base station, and propose an L-maximum-hop routing strategy in order to obtain improved spectrum efficiency. The throughput capacity of the resulting hybrid wireless network is studied. The paper also demonstrates that this type of hybrid wireless network is scalable.
17 citations
TL;DR: This paper first extends the opportunistic routing algorithm to exploit high-speed data transmissions in infrastructure network through base stations, and develops linear programming models to calculate the end-to-end throughput bounds from multiple source nodes to single as well as multiple destination nodes.
Abstract: This paper studies the capacity of hybrid wireless networks with opportunistic routing (OR). We first extend the opportunistic routing algorithm to exploit high-speed data transmissions in infrastructure network through base stations. We then develop linear programming models to calculate the end-to-end throughput bounds from multiple source nodes to single as well as multiple destination nodes. The developed models are applied to study several hybrid wireless network examples. Through case studies, we investigate several factors that have significant impacts on the hybrid wireless network capacity under opportunistic routing, such as node transmission range, density and distribution pattern of base stations (BTs), and number of wireless channels on wireless nodes and base stations. Our numerical results demonstrate that opportunistic routing could achieve much higher throughput on both ad hoc and hybrid networks than traditional unicast routing (UR). Moreover, opportunistic routing can efficiently utilize base stations and achieve significantly higher throughput gains in hybrid wireless networks than in pure ad hoc networks especially with multiple-channel base stations.
16 citations