Fabrication of Nanostructures with Bottom-up Approach and Their Utility in Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Others
01 Jan 2018-pp 167-198
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the important bottom-up nanofabrication processes for realizing nanostructures and also highlighted the recent research conducted in the domain of therapeutics and diagnostics.
Abstract: Nanofabrication has been a critical area of research in the last two decades and has found wide-ranging application in improvising material properties, sensitive clinical diagnostics, and detection, improving the efficiency of electron transport processes within materials, generating high energy densities leading to pulse power, novel therapeutic mechanisms, environmental remediation and control. The continued improvements in the various fabrication technologies have led to realization of highly sensitive nanostructure-based devices. The fabrication of nanostructures is in principle carried out primarily using top-down or bottom-up approaches. This chapter summarizes the important bottom-up nanofabrication processes for realizing nanostructures and also highlights the recent research conducted in the domain of therapeutics and diagnostics.
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01 Dec 1991
TL;DR: In this article, self-assembly is defined as the spontaneous association of molecules under equilibrium conditions into stable, structurally well-defined aggregates joined by noncovalent bonds.
Abstract: Molecular self-assembly is the spontaneous association of molecules under equilibrium conditions into stable, structurally well-defined aggregates joined by noncovalent bonds. Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in biological systems and underlies the formation of a wide variety of complex biological structures. Understanding self-assembly and the associated noncovalent interactions that connect complementary interacting molecular surfaces in biological aggregates is a central concern in structural biochemistry. Self-assembly is also emerging as a new strategy in chemical synthesis, with the potential of generating nonbiological structures with dimensions of 1 to 10(2) nanometers (with molecular weights of 10(4) to 10(10) daltons). Structures in the upper part of this range of sizes are presently inaccessible through chemical synthesis, and the ability to prepare them would open a route to structures comparable in size (and perhaps complementary in function) to those that can be prepared by microlithography and other techniques of microfabrication.
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TL;DR: The potential of nanomaterials for biomedical and healthcare applications has been extensively investigated in the last few decades and several case studies demonstrated that they can offer solutions to the current challenges of raw materials in the biomedical and health care fields as mentioned in this paper .
Abstract: In the last few decades, the vast potential of nanomaterials for biomedical and healthcare applications has been extensively investigated. Several case studies demonstrated that nanomaterials can offer solutions to the current challenges of raw materials in the biomedical and healthcare fields. This review describes the different nanoparticles and nanostructured material synthesis approaches and presents some emerging biomedical, healthcare, and agro-food applications. This review focuses on various nanomaterial types (e.g., spherical, nanorods, nanotubes, nanosheets, nanofibers, core-shell, and mesoporous) that can be synthesized from different raw materials and their emerging applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, antimicrobial, and agro-foods. Depending on their morphology (e.g., size, aspect ratio, geometry, porosity), nanomaterials can be used as formulation modifiers, moisturizers, nanofillers, additives, membranes, and films. As toxicological assessment depends on sizes and morphologies, stringent regulation is needed from the testing of efficient nanomaterials dosages. The challenges and perspectives for an industrial breakthrough of nanomaterials are related to the optimization of production and processing conditions.
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TL;DR: This review highlights certain important aspects of fabrication strategies, which are employed to generate multifunctional TiO 2 nanostructures, while outlining post-fabrication techniques with an emphasis on their suitability for nanomedicine.
Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures exhibit a broad range of theranostic properties that make them attractive for biomedical applications. TiO2 nanostructures promise to improve current theranostic strategies by leveraging the enhanced quantum confinement, thermal conversion, specific surface area, and surface activity. This review highlights certain important aspects of fabrication strategies, which are employed to generate multifunctional TiO2 nanostructures, while outlining post-fabrication techniques with an emphasis on their suitability for nanomedicine. The biodistribution, toxicity, biocompatibility, cellular adhesion, and endocytosis of these nanostructures, when exposed to biological microenvironments, are examined in regard to their geometry, size, and surface chemistry. The final section focuses on recent biomedical applications of TiO2 nanostructures, specifically evaluating therapeutic delivery, photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy, bioimaging, biosensing, tissue regeneration, as well as chronic wound healing.
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Cites background from "Fabrication of Nanostructures with ..."
...While the fabrication of TiO2 nanotubes through bot‐ tom‐up processes may be complex, variable, and low‐ yield, a cylindrical structure accompanied by a pure crystalline phase can be achieved [65, 66]....
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