Factores no genéticos que afectan el peso al nacer y destete de terneros Angus
01 Jun 2011-Vol. 29, Iss: 2, pp 151-160
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of some non-genetic factors on birth (BW) and weaning weight corrected to 205 d (WWA) of Angus calves, 1,999 and 1,574 weights were analyzed.
Abstract: To determine the influence of some non-genetic factors on birth (BW) and weaning weight corrected to 205 d (WWA) of Angus calves, 1,999 and 1,574 weights were analyzed. All the animals were grazing and they were vaccinated against enzootic every six months. The data was analyzed using an analysis of variance under least squares methodology and the statistical model included: year of birth (YB = 1991-2007), season of birth (SB = Cold, Dry and Rainy), parity number (PN = 1, 2, 3,… ≥9 calving) and sex (SX = Males and Females) and the interactions YB*SB, YB*PN and YB*SX. All effects and the interactions affected BW and WWA (P<0,01). The means and standard deviation were 36.2 ± 2.6 and 186.8 ± 30.0 kg, respectively. The differences between the best years (2007) and worse year (1991) to BW was 1.1 kg. Cows of 1, 2 and ≥9 calving had calves less heavy. Male calves weighted more than female to birth and weaning. The interactions that involved YB indicate that the direction and magnitude of the effects are not constant within every year. The interaction YB*SB, YB*PN and YB*SX were important on WWA without being possible to define some tendency or magnitude. All the environmental effect studied was important.
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01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the comportamiento productivo of a hato de ganado Charolais, for which they analyzed production records of the "Ex Hacienda El Carmen", farm, located in Guemez, Tamaulipas.
Abstract: espanolEl objetivo fue evaluar el comportamiento productivo de un hato de ganado Charolais, para lo cual se analizaron los registros productivos de la finca "Ex Hacienda El Carmen", en Guemez, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Los animales fueron alimentados basicamente con pastos, las vacas se reprodujeron todo el ano y las crias se mantuvieron con la vaca hasta el destete. Las variables peso al nacimiento (PN = 647), peso al destete ajustado a 205 dias (PDA205 = 647) y ganancia diaria de peso (GDP = 647) fueron analizadas usando la tecnica de minimos cuadrados para determinar los efectos de ano de nacimiento (AN = 1979, 1980,…1989); epoca de nacimiento (EN = nortes, secas y lluvias), numero de parto de la vaca (NP = 1, 2,…8), sexo de la cria (SC = macho y hembra), incluyendo el peso al nacimiento (PN) como covariable para PDA205 y GDP. Las medias obtenidas para PN, PDA205 y GDP fueron 29,6 ± 3,6, 219,6 ± 34,2 y 0,770 ± 0,134 kg, respectivamente. PN, PDA205 y GDP se vieron afectados (P EnglishThe objective was to assess the productive performance of a Charolais herd, which was based on the analysis of production records of the "Ex Hacienda El Carmen", farm, located in Guemez, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Animals were fed forages on pastures, cows were bred throughout the year and calves kept with the cow until weaning. The variables of birth weight (BW = 647), adjusted weaning weight to 205 days (AWW205 = 647) and average daily gain (ADG = 647) were analyzed using least squares to determine the effects of year of calving (YC = 1979, 1980,...1989); calving season (CS = windy, dry and rainy season), parity of the cow (PC = 1, 2,...8), sex of the calf (SC = male and female), including the birth weight (BW) as a covariate for AWW205 and ADG. Averages obtained for BW, AWW205 and ADG were 29.6 ± 3.6, 219.6 ± 34.2 and 0.770 ± 0.134 kg, respectively. BW, AWW205 and ADG were affected (P
4 citations
01 Jun 2013
TL;DR: Para evaluar el efecto de factores no geneticos y de grupo racial sobre el peso al nacer (PN), se analizaron 5136 datos de becerros nacidos en una zona de bosque seco tropical using un modelo lineal aditivo por el metodo de maxima verosimilitud restringida.
Abstract: Para evaluar el efecto de factores no geneticos y de grupo racial sobre el peso al nacer (PN), se analizaron 5136 datos de becerros nacidos en una zona de bosque seco tropical. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando un modelo lineal aditivo por el metodo de maxima verosimilitud restringida que incluyo los efectos fijos: ano de nacimiento (AN; 2001,..,2007); mes de nacimiento (MN; enero, febrero, octubre, noviembre y diciembre); edad de la madre al parto (EM; 3,..,11 anos o mas), sexo (S; hembra-macho); grupo racial del becerro (GR1: mestizos Bos taurus de las razas Angus, Braunvieh, Carora, Holstein, Simmental, Romosinuano y Senepol; GR2: predominantemente Bos indicus de las razas Brahman, Nelore, Guzerat y Gyr). El AN, MN, EM y S afectaron (P<0,05) el PN. El efecto de GR no fue significativo. Se estudiaron todas las interacciones incluyendo en el modelo definitivo solo las significativas (P<0,05) AN*MN, AN*EM, AN*GR, MN*GR, S*GR. El promedio de PN fue 32,1±0,20 kg (media±error estandar) considerado normal para una adecuada sobrevivencia de la cria y de la madre. Las variables que mas afectaron el PN fueron AN (entre anos extremos se presentaron diferencias de 5,35 kg; 17,8 %), S (los machos abstract
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Cites background from "Factores no genéticos que afectan e..."
...…Criollo Limonero, Brahman y Pardo Suizo en el estado Zulia (Noguera et al. (1995), Brahman-Holstein ArangurenMéndez et al. (2006) ) y Angus de zonas templadas de México (Martínez-González et al., 2011). cruzamiento debe estar acompañado de mejoras en el ambiente. reFerencias Abreu, G., 2009....
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...%) entre ambos sexos a favor de los machos, respectivamente, en animales mestizos Criollo Limonero, Brahman y Pardo Suizo en el estado Zulia (Noguera et al. (1995), Brahman-Holstein ArangurenMéndez et al. (2006) ) y Angus de zonas templadas de México (Martínez-González et al., 2011). cruzamiento debe estar acompañado de mejoras en el ambiente. reFerencias Abreu, G., 2009....
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...Una interacción similar entre el AN y el número de partos de la vaca para PN fue observada por Martínez-González et al. (2011) en vacunos Angus en Guanajuato, México, destacando que las diferencias entre años no son las mismas para vacas de primera lactancia y seniles comparadas contra las de…...
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...Una interacción similar entre el AN y el número de partos de la vaca para PN fue observada por Martínez-González et al. (2011) en vacunos Angus en Guanajuato, México, destacando que las diferencias entre años no son las mismas para vacas de primera lactancia y seniles comparadas contra las de edades intermedias, jugando el productor un papel importante en el manejo de estos escenarios....
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References
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TL;DR: Concentrations of IGF-I and leptin in plasma were constant during 7 wk before the first estrus, indicating that acute changes in these hormones are not associated with the resumption of ovarian function in primiparous beef cows.
Abstract: The influences of body condition score (BCS) at calving and postpartum nutrition on endocrine and ovarian functions, and reproductive performance, were determined by randomly allocating thin (mean BCS = 4.4 +/- 0.1) or moderate condition (mean BCS = 5.1 +/- 0.1) Angus x Hereford primiparous cows to receive one of two nutritional treatments after calving. Cows were fed to gain either 0.45 kg/d (M, n = 17) or 0.90 kg/d (H, n = 17) for the first 71 +/- 3 d postpartum. All cows were then fed the M diet until 21 d after the first estrus. A replication (yr 2; M, n = 25; H, n = 23) was also used to evaluate reproductive characteristics. Concentrations of IGF-I, leptin, insulin, glucose, NEFA, and thyroxine were quantified in plasma samples collected weekly during treatment and during 7 wk before the first estrus. Estrous behavior was detected by radiotelemetry, and luteal activity was determined based on concentrations of progesterone in plasma. All cows were bred by AI between 14 and 20 h after onset of estrus, and pregnancy was assessed at 35 to 55 d after AI by ultrasonography. Cows that calved with a BCS of 4 or 5 had similar endocrine function and reproductive performance at the first estrus. During treatment, H cows gained BW and increased BCS (P < 0.01), and had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of IGF-I, leptin, insulin, glucose, and thyroxine in plasma than M cows. However, during the 7 wk before the first estrus, plasma concentrations of IGF-I, leptin, insulin, glucose, NEFA, and thyroxine were not affected by time. Cows previously on the H treatment had a shorter (P < 0.01) interval to first postpartum estrus and ovulation, and a larger dominant follicle (P < 0.01) at first estrus, than M cows, but duration of estrus and the number of mounts received were not influenced by nutrient intake. Pregnancy rate at the first estrus was greater (P < 0.03) for H (76%, n = 38) than for M (58%, n = 33) cows. Increased nutrient intake after calving stimulated secretion of anabolic hormones, promoted fat deposition, shortened the postpartum interval to estrus, and increased pregnancy rate at the first estrus. Concentrations of IGF-I and leptin in plasma were constant during 7 wk before the first estrus, indicating that acute changes in these hormones are not associated with the resumption of ovarian function in primiparous beef cows.
234 citations
TL;DR: Birth weight and calving difficulty were analyzed with Bayesian methodology using univariate linear models, a bivariate linear model, a threshold model for calving difficulties, and a joint threshold-linear model using a probit approach.
Abstract: Birth weight and calving difficulty were analyzed with Bayesian methodology using univariate linear models, a bivariate linear model, a threshold model for calving difficulty, and a joint threshold-linear model using a probit approach. Field data included 26,006 records of Gelbvieh cattle. Simulated populations were generated using parameters estimated from the field data. The Gibbs sampler was used to obtain estimates of the marginal posterior mean and standard deviation of the (co)variance components, heritabilities, and correlations. In the univariate analyses, the posterior mean of direct heritability for calving difficulty was .23 with the threshold model and .18 with the linear model. Maternal heritabilities were .10 and .08, respectively. In the bivariate analysis, posterior means of direct heritability for calving difficulty were .21 and .18 for the bivariate linear-threshold and linear-linear model, respectively. Maternal heritabilities were .09 and .06, respectively. Direct heritability for birth weight was .25 for the univariate model and .26 for bivariate models. Maternal heritability was .05 for the linear-threshold model and the univariate model and .06 for the bivariate linear model. Genetic correlation between direct genetic effects in both traits was .81 for the linear-threshold model and .79 for the bivariate linear. Residual correlation was .35 for the bivariate linear model and .50 for the bivariate linear-threshold. A simulation study confirmed that the posterior mean of the marginal distribution was suitable as a point estimate for univariate threshold and bivariate linear-threshold models.
90 citations
TL;DR: Heritabilities and genetic and environmental correlations were calculated from the appropriate (co)variances and phenotypic correlations were computed and heritability estimates for BWT, WW, YG, YW, YH, RGW, RGY, and MW were .52, respectively.
Abstract: Variances and covariances were estimated for birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WW), yearling gain (YG), yearling weight (YW), yearling height (YH), relative growth from birth to weaning (RGW) and weaning to yearling (RGY), and mature weight (MW). Field records on 572,446 Polled Hereford cattle were analyzed. Because multiple dam weights were collected on a cow the MW used in the analysis was calculated using a nonlinear regression correction factor computed by fitting a quadratic with a plateau to the data. If the cow had an observation(s) beyond the inflection point (IP), the closest weight to that point was used. If the cow only had observation(s) before the IP the closest weight to that point was nonlinearly adjusted to the plateau. The IP for this data set was 1,506 d and the plateau was 554.7 kg. Heritabilities and genetic and environmental correlations were calculated from the appropriate (co)variances and phenotypic correlations were computed. Heritability estimates for BWT, WW, YG, YW, YH, RGW, RGY, and MW were .49, .24, .23, .30, .59, .24, .15, and .52, respectively. Genetic correlations between MW with BWT, WW, YG, YW, YH, RGW, and RGY were .64, .80, .76, .89, .73, -.29, and .35, respectively, environmental correlations were .15, .43, .05, .40, 1.03, .32, and -.10, respectively, and phenotypic correlations were .33, .32, .28, .46, .70, .00, and .07, respectively.
87 citations
TL;DR: The data indicate that, in the subtropics, maternal and reproductive performance of Tuli x Angus cows, but not Senepol x Angus dairy cows, was comparable to Brahman x Angus cattle, except for lower calf survivability and weaning weight.
Abstract: To determine the maternal and reproductive performance of F1 cows in the subtropics, 42 Brahman x Angus, 34 Senepol x Angus, and 50 Tuli x Angus cows were bred to Angus bulls to calve first and subsequently bred to Charolais bulls to calve as 3- to 8-yr-olds. Age at first calving did not differ among crossbred cows. Angus-sired calf birth weights were heavier (P < 0.01) from Senepol x Angus than either Brahman x Angus or Tuli x Angus cows. Weaning weights of Angus-sired calves were heavier (P < 0.01) from Brahman x Angus (213.5 kg) than either Senepol x Angus (194.9 kg) or Tuli x Angus (191.5 kg) cows. As 3- to 8-yr-old cows, calf birth weights were heavier (P < 0.05) from Senepol x Angus compared with Brahman x Angus but not Tuli x Angus cows. Weaning weights of Charolais-sired calves were heaviest (P < 0.05) from Brahman x Angus cows (268.9 kg), lightest from Tuli x Angus cows (233.4 kg), and intermediate from Senepol x Angus cows (245.0 kg). Calf crop born and calf crop weaned were lowest (P < 0.05) for Senepol x Angus cows (76.9 and 70.2%) and did not differ between Brahman x Angus (89.0 and 86.1%) and Tuli x Angus (94.7 and 86.5%) cows. Tuli x Angus cows tended (P < 0.10) to have a lower percentage of unassisted births and lower (P < 0.10) calf survival to weaning than Brahman x Angus cows but not Senepol x Angus cows. As 3- to 8-yr-olds, weaning weight per cow exposed was greatest (P < 0.05) for Brahman x Angus (234.2 kg), least (P < 0.05) for Senepol x Angus (173.0 kg), and intermediate (P < 0.05) for Tuli x Angus (209.1 kg) cows. Also as 3- to 8-yr-olds, efficiency (205-d calf weight per 100 kg of cow exposed) was similar for Brahman x Angus (42.2) and Tuli x Angus cows (40.7), and both were greater (P < 0.01) than for Senepol x Angus cows (33.8). These data indicate that, in the subtropics, maternal and reproductive performance of Tuli x Angus cows, but not Senepol x Angus cows, was comparable to Brahman x Angus cows, except for lower calf survivability and weaning weight.
25 citations
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: This article evaluated the efecto of algunos factores ambientales in el peso al nacimiento (PN), peso ajustado a 205 (P205), 365 (P365) and 550 dias (P550) and ganancia diaria predestete (GDP), asi como estimar the heredabilidad (h²) for esas caracteristicas in animales Sardo Negro.
Abstract: Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar el efecto de algunos factores ambientales en el peso al nacimiento (PN), peso ajustado a 205 (P205), 365 (P365) y 550 dias (P550) y ganancia diaria predestete (GDP), asi como estimar la heredabilidad (h²) para esas caracteristicas en animales Sardo Negro. Se utilizo la informacion generada de 1997 a 2005 en ranchos ubicados en Mexico. Los ranchos se dedican a la cria de ganado Sardo Negro de registro y pertenecian a la Asociacion Mexicana de Criadores de Cebu. Los modelos estadisticos incluyeron los efectos fijos de hato, ano y epoca de nacimiento del animal (Seca y Lluviosa) y sexo (Macho o Hembra) y el efecto aleatorio del residual. El modelo para estimar la h² directa incluyo el efecto fijo de grupo contemporaneo (criador-ano-epoca-sexo) y el efecto aleatorio aditivo directo. Los analisis se realizaron mediante los procedimientos de modelos lineales generales y maxima verosimilitud restringida libre de derivadas. Los promedios para PN, P205, P365, P550 y GDP fueron 32,9 185,1 281,4 384,9 y 0,742 kg, respectivamente. Las h² para efectos directos fueron 0,00 0,27 0,26 0,12 y 0,27 para PN, PD, P365, P550 y GDP, respectivamente. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que los efectos ambientales son fuentes de variacion relativamente importantes para P205, P365 y GDP. Las altas h² estimadas indican que es factible mejorar el crecimiento del ganado Sardo Negro a traves de la seleccion
16 citations