Factors Affecting e-Government Assimilation in Developing Countries
TL;DR: A conceptual framework was developed for analyzing the assimilation of e-government, in the context of IT innovation, which developed based on Technological-Organizational-Environmental (TOE) Framework, Innovation and Diffusion Theory.
Abstract: The Information Technology (IT) must be successfully assimilated into the organization in order to exploit its potential value and benefit for their target adopter. This paper examines the factors affecting assimilation of e-Government in Developing Countries. A conceptual framework was developed for analyzing the assimilation of e-government, in the context of IT innovation, which developed based on Technological-Organizational-Environmental (TOE) Framework, Innovation and Diffusion Theory. In this paper, we analyze assimilation as single stage technology diffusion process. An Innovation diffusion theory is coined with TOE framework to explain how assimilation process affected by ICT expertise, ICT infrastructure, TOP management support, organizational compatibility, extend coordination, regulatory environment, and competition. Based on this framework and by utilizing data from questioner, the determinants and mechanisms of this process are identified and process of e-Government assimilation is reconstructed. Questionnaires were distributed among ITTP students at KAIST University as the main respondent, and supported by international student network. The respondents selected from Government Officer from developing countries to response the assimilation process and condition occurred in their respective country. Our research found, the environmental context plays an important role in assimilation of e-Government, followed by organization and technological factors. At the end, our research revealed TOE framework can be use as a method to analyze assimilation of e-Government and contribute a new understanding and model enhancement for academics as well as practitioners and policy maker.
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TL;DR: Evaluating the impact of organizational factors on cloud computing adoption in SMEs was determined as the main purpose of this study and led to focus on the TOE framework as a famous theory on evaluating IT adoption.
Abstract: Cloud computing has emerged as one of the most discussed topics among enterprise IT professionals. This paper is giving list of cloud computing advantages and disadvantages and some reasons will cause company adopt cloud based services or avoiding. The small and medium size enterprise does not possess sufficient financial and human recourse, in comparison to the large size factories, hence they are not capable of upgrading their IT requirements efficiently, It will not allow them to have a sufficient chance to compete with powerful competitors, in a business environment. Evaluating the impact of organizational factors on cloud computing adoption in SMEs was determined as the main purpose of this study and led to focus on the TOE framework as a famous theory on evaluating IT adoption. For this purpose, organizational context divided into three main factors in base of TOE framework include organizational, environmental and technical context. Three set of critical success factor criteria chosen by review of previous studies for each three level of organizational factors. It can be helpful for small and medium size enterprises which want to evaluate their organizational condition for adopting cloud based services.
112 citations
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...ISSN: 2289-1358 P a g e | 67 Keywords – organizational critical success factor; cloud computing adoption in SMEs ; Cloud advantages and disadvantages...
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TL;DR: The results showed that the major reason behind BDA non-adoption is that the organizations did not realize the strategic value (SV) of BDA, and they were not ready to make the changes because of technological, organizational and environmental difficulties.
Abstract: Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight about factors affecting Big Data Analytics (BDA) utilization and adoption in Indian firms. Research studies have so far focused on BDA adoption in developed economies. This study examines the factors that influence BDA usage and adoption in the context of emerging economies.
Design/methodology/approach
This study proposed a theoretical model of factors influencing BDA utilization and adoption. Two independent research streams – first, the top managers’ perceived strategic value (PSV) in BDA and second, the factors that influence the adoption of BDA theoretically – have been integrated with the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. In the BDA context, there was a theoretical necessity to identify the driver and barriers of BDA from the TOE framework on PSV and adoption of BDA. A qualitative exploratory study using face-to-face semi-structured interviews was carried out to collect data from 22 different enterprises and service providers in India. India was selected as the context as it is one of the fastest growing large economies of the world with huge potential of BDA to improve the business landscape.
Findings
The results showed that the major reason behind BDA non-adoption is that the organizations did not realize the strategic value (SV) of BDA, and they were not ready to make the changes because of technological, organizational and environmental difficulties. The findings corroborate previous results about significant factors affecting IT adoption and implementation and provide new and interesting insights. The main factors identified as playing a significant role in organizations’ adoption of BDA were SV of BDA, complexity, compatibility, IT assets, top management support, organization data environment, perceived costs, external pressure and industry type.
Research limitations/implications
The main limitation related to this study is the difficulty in generalizing the findings to a larger population of enterprises. To overcome this, a statistical survey has been planned to be conducted in the future.
Practical implications
The BDA adoption model in this study will have both managerial implications for practitioners in India, as well as those in other developing countries, and academic implications for researchers who are interested in BDA adoption in developing counties, in terms of formulating better strategies for BDA adoption. For managers, using the research model of this study could assist in increasing their understanding of why some organizations choose to adopt BDA, while similar ones facing similar conditions do not. Also, the understanding of the strategic utilization of BDA in different business processes may improve the adoption of BDA in organizations.
Originality/value
This paper contributes in exploring and enhancing the understanding of the factors affecting the utilization and adoption of BDA in organizations from an Indian perspective. This study is an attempt to develop and explore a BDA adoption model by the fusion of PSV and TOE framework. The effect of the three contexts of this framework (technological, organizational and environmental) on the strategic utilization of BDA has been studied for the first time.
108 citations
TL;DR: It is recommended that public organisations would need to strategise their relationships with stakeholders in order to achieve a collective interest for successful e-government implementation and contributes to the body of knowledge in information systems by broadening the theoretical foundations of e- government field especially within the stakeholders’ perspective.
Abstract: With the global evolution of information and communication technology (ICT), organisations need to keep up-to-date with the trends. Whilst most countries are able to respond to these technological changes by drawing on the resources available to them, organisations tend to find it more difficult to keep up. This paper thus attempts to analyse critically the influencing factors regarding e-government implementation and the roles of the key stakeholders in driving successful implementation within public sector organisations in developing countries. Based on the extant literature review and empirical studies, the researchers have developed a conceptual framework stemming from a unification of the concepts, factors, theories and models for e-government implementation. Qualitative analysis was adopted using a multiple case study strategy, and focusing on the three-tiers of government – Federal, Government Agency and Local levels. This conceptual framework has re-affirmed the external and internal influencing factors and the key stakeholder’ and their roles. The e-government stakeholders include the government (ministry/agency), technologically-advanced country, companies and users (employers/citizens). Authors further discussed that the stakeholders’ roles and tasks vary from ‘pre-implementation’ (initiation) to ‘during implementation’ (planning and implementation), and ‘post-implementation’ (monitoring and evaluation) phases. From the analysis and findings, authors have recommended that public organisations would need to strategise their relationships with stakeholders in order to achieve a collective interest for successful e-government implementation. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in information systems by broadening the theoretical foundations of e-government field especially within the stakeholders’ perspective.
55 citations
TL;DR: The research aided in the application of the new technology of cloud computing adoption in the SMEs industry in India through the use of a wide range of criteria, and creates a ranking model that offers decision makers to measure the prior implementation of cloud Computing adoption.
Abstract: The purpose of this research article is to identify the critical success criteria/factors that affect the cloud computing adoption and examine structure, reliability and validity of the criteria in the SMEs industry. This study considers nine types of criteria/factors with fifty-one sub-criteria, which have somewhat previously been used, and creates a ranking model that offers decision makers to measure the prior implementation of cloud computing adoption. A questionnaire-based survey research was used to collect data from 110 firms belonging to the SMEs industry in India. In this paper, the data collected was analysed by an integrated approach. Firstly, an Analytic Hierarchy Process approach was applied to find the significant fact of each criterion as the assessable indices of the cloud computing adoption. Secondly, an Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to examine structure, reliability and validity of the criteria. The data was tabulated in a Microsoft Excel sheet and then imported in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20) for analysis. The findings discovered that ‘Security and Privacy’, ‘Organizational Risk’, ‘Sharing and Collaboration’, ‘Confidentiality’, and ‘Integrity’ have a major effect on the adoption of cloud computing. The research was conducted in the SMEs industry in India, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. The findings and recommendations offer cloud computing service providers as well as users with a better understanding of what affects the cloud computing adoption feature, with a relevant understanding of the current scenario. The research aided in the application of the new technology of cloud computing adoption in the SMEs industry in India through the use of a wide range of criteria. The findings also help organizations study their information technology investments when applying cloud computing.
47 citations
TL;DR: An abstract hybrid model for adapting cloud computing in e- government that overcomes the e-government's challenges is proposed and a set of recommended cloud aspects and their values for each of three clouds are suggested that ensure implementation of the sorted services.
Abstract: Many developing countries are now experiencing revolution in e-government to deliver fluent and simple services for their citizens. However, governmental sectors face many challenges in using its e-governments’ services and its infrastructure, improving current services or developing new services; as data and applications increasingly inflating, IT budget costs, software licensing and support and difficulties in migration, integration and management for software and hardware. These challenges may lead to failure of e-governments’ projects. Therefore, there is a need for a solution to overcome these challenges. Cloud Computing plays a vital role to solve these problems. This paper demonstrates e-government's obstacles and cloud computing features. Also, it proposes an abstract hybrid model for adapting cloud computing in e-government that overcomes the e-government's challenges. This hybrid proposed model identifies three different patterns of cloud computing which are Local Governmental Cloud “LGC”, Regional Governmental Cloud “RGC” and Wide Governmental Cloud “WGC”. The proposed model determines how the entity connects to each of three clouds and what the relation between them is. In addition, readiness assessment of the services need to migrate into cloud. Finally, a set of recommended cloud aspects and their values for each of three clouds are suggested that ensure implementation of the sorted services.
42 citations
References
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TL;DR: It is suggested that EDI initiators pursue promotional efforts to improve partners' perceptions of EDI benefits, provide financial and technological assistance to partners with low organizational readiness, and carefully select and enact influence strategies to reduce resistance.
Abstract: Many EDI researchers and practitioners have recognized the importance of high penetration levels for the success of EDI. Unfortunately, such penetration is partly impeded by the resistance of small companies to become EDI capable. To investigate this issue, we identify three major factors that influence the EDI adoption practices of small firms. These factors are: organizational readiness (because of the low levels of IT sophistication and resource availability of small firms), external pressures to adopt (because of the weak market positions of small firms and the network nature of the technology), and perceived benefits (because of the limited impact that IT has on small firms due to under-utilization and lack of integration). By combining the anticipated effects of these factors, we developed a framework of EDI adoption by small businesses. The applicability of this framework is empirically demonstrated using the results of seven case studies. Lastly, recommendations are made for the development of successful EDI partner expansion plans. These include the development of a long term EDI partner expansion plan from the very beginning, the individual assessment of each partner's EDI preparedness level, and the selection of appropriate influence tactics to expedite adoption by small partners. Specifically, it is suggested that EDI initiators pursue promotional efforts to improve partners' perceptions of EDI benefits, provide financial and technological assistance to partners with low organizational readiness, and carefully select and enact influence strategies to reduce resistance.
2,555 citations
TL;DR: Different stages of e-government development are described and a ‘stages of growth’ model for fully functional e-Government is proposed, which outlines the multi-perspective transformation within government structures and functions as they make transitions to e- government through each stage.
Abstract: Literature reports the experiences with e-government initiatives as chaotic and unmanageable, despite recent numerous initiatives at different levels of government and academic and practitioners’ conferences on e-government. E-government presents a number of challenges for public administrators. To help public administrators think about e-government and their organizations, this article describes different stages of e-government development and proposes a ‘stages of growth’ model for fully functional e-government. Various government websites and related e-government initiatives help to ground and explain this model. These stages outline the multi-perspective transformation within government structures and functions as they make transitions to e-government through each stage. Technological and organizational challenges for each stage accompany these descriptions. At the same time, this paper describes how the e-government becomes amalgamated with traditional public administrative structure. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
2,493 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the rhetoric and reality of e-government at the municipal level and concluded that e-Government has been adopted by many municipal governments, but it is still at an early stage and has not obtained many of expected outcomes (cost savings, downsizing, etc.) that the rhetoric of eGovernment has promised.
Abstract: Information technology has become one of the core elements of managerial reform, and electronic government (e-government) may figure prominently in future governance. This study is designed to examine the rhetoric and reality of e-government at the municipal level. Using data obtained from the 2000 E-government Survey conducted by International City/County Management Association and Public Technologies Inc., the article examines the current state of municipal e-government implementation and assesses its perceptual effectiveness. This study also explores two institutional factors (size and type of government) that contribute to the adoption of e-government among municipalities. Overall, this study concludes that e-government has been adopted by many municipal governments, but it is still at an early stage and has not obtained many of expected outcomes (cost savings, downsizing, etc.) that the rhetoric of e-government has promised. The study suggests there are some widely shared barriers (lack of financial, technical, and personnel capacities) and legal issues (such as privacy) to the progress of municipal e-government. This study also indicates that city size and manager-council government are positively associated with the adoption of a municipal Web site as well as the longevity of the Web site.
1,894 citations
TL;DR: The study finds that technology competence, firm size, financial commitment, competitive pressure, and regulatory support are important antecedents of e-business use and that, while both front-end and back-end capabilities contribute to e- business value, back- end integration has a much stronger impact.
Abstract: Grounded in the innovation diffusion literature and the resource-based theory, this paper develops an integrative research model for assessing the diffusion and consequence of e-business at the firm level. Unlike the typical focus on adoption as found in the literature, we focus on postadoption stages, that is, actual usage and value creation. The model thus moves beyond dichotomous "adoption versus nonadoption" and accounts for the "missing link"--actual usage--as a critical stage of value creation. The model links technological, organizational, and environmental factors to e-business use and value, based on which a series of hypotheses are developed. The theoretical model is tested by using structural equation modeling on a dataset of 624 firms across 10 countries in the retail industry. To probe deeper into whether e-business use and value are influenced by economic environments, two subsamples from developed and developing countries are compared. The study finds that technology competence, firm size, financial commitment, competitive pressure, and regulatory support are important antecedents of e-business use. In addition, the study finds that, while both front-end and back-end capabilities contribute to e-business value, back-end integration has a much stronger impact. While front-end functionalities are becoming commodities, e-businesses are more differentiated by back-end integration. This is consistent with the resource-based theory because back-end integration possesses the value-creating characteristics of resources (e.g., firm specific, difficult to imitate), which are strengthened by the Internet-enabled connectivity. Our study also adds an international dimension to the innovation diffusion literature, showing that careful attention must be paid to the economic and regulatory factors that may affect technology diffusion across different countries.
1,537 citations
"Factors Affecting e-Government Assi..." refers background or methods in this paper
...ICT Infrastructure: Prior technological context in IS researches has shown that organization with sophisticated ICT infrastructure have possibility increased their chances in implementing IS (Zhu and Kraemer, 2005)....
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...A survey instrument was developed from a comprehensive literature review for identifying appropriate measurement factors....
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