Factors associated with breast cancer screening behaviours in a sample of Turkish women: A questionnaire survey
TL;DR: Higher seriousness of breast cancer, higher benefits of having mammography, having heard/read about Mammography, and having a gynaecologist as a regular physician were significantly associated withHaving mammography.
About: This article is published in International Journal of Nursing Studies.The article was published on 2006-02-01. It has received 217 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Breast cancer screening & Breast self-examination.
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TL;DR: It is indicated that perceived barriers and perceived self-efficacy could be predictors of BSE behavior among the sample of women and BSE training programs that emphasize self-efficiency and address perceived barriers are recommended.
Abstract: Background
Iranian women, many of whom live in small cities, have limited access to mammography and clinical breast examinations. Thus, breast self examination (BSE) becomes an important and necessary approach to detecting this disease in its early stages in order to limit its resultant morbidity and mortality. This study examined constructs arising from the Health Belief Model as predictors of breast self examination behavior in a sample of women living in Bandar Abbas, Iran.
144 citations
Cites result from "Factors associated with breast canc..."
...This finding was supported by previous research [17,33-35]....
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TL;DR: Higher health motivation, higher perceived self-efficacy of BSE, marital status, and familial breast cancer history were significantly associated with breast cancer screening behaviors in a sample of Turkish women.
133 citations
TL;DR: HBM was shown as a valid tool to predict BSE practice among Saudi women, and working women and those with family history of BC, higher perceived confidence and lower perceived barriers on HBM, andThose with high level of knowledge on BC were more likely to perform BSE.
Abstract: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, breast cancer (BC) usually presents at advanced stages and more frequently in young pre-menopausal women in comparison to western countries. There is controversy surrounding the efficacy of breast self examination (BSE) for early detection of BC in countries where other methods are available. This study aims to explore the perception towards breast cancer and towards BSE among Saudi women, using the Health Belief Model (HBM). A convenient sample of adult Saudi female employees, working at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (n = 225), and their non-working adult female family members (n = 208), were subjected to the Arabic version of revised Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) and the Arabic version of Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM), to assess their knowledge and attitude on BC respectively. Percentage mean score (PMS) for each HBM domain was calculated. Significant predictors of BSE practice were identified using logistic regression analysis and significance was considered at p < 0.05. The majority of women heard about BSE (91.2 %), only 41.6 % reported ever practicing BSE and 21 % performed it regularly. Reported reasons for not doing BSE were: not knowing how to examine their breast (54.9 %), or untrusting themselves able to do it (24.5 %). Women were less knowledgeable about BC in general, its risk factors, warning signs, nature and screening measures (PMS:54.2 %, 44.5 %, 61.4 %, 53.2 %, 57.6 % respectively). They reported low scores of; perceived susceptibility, seriousness, confidence and barriers (PMS: 44.8 %, 55.6 %, 56.5 % & 41.7 % respectively), and high scores of perceived benefits and motivation (PMS: 73 % & 73.2 % respectively) to perform BSE. Significant predictors of BSE performance were: levels of perceived barriers (p = 0.046) and perceived confidence (p = 0.001) to BSE, overall knowledge on BC (p < 0.001), work status (p = 0.032) and family history of BC (p = 0.011). Saudi women had poor knowledge on BC, reported negative attitude towards BSE and their practice was poor. Working women and those with family history of BC, higher perceived confidence and lower perceived barriers on HBM, and those with high level of knowledge on BC were more likely to perform BSE. Breast awareness as an alternative to BSE needs further investigations. HBM was shown as a valid tool to predict BSE practice among Saudi women.
121 citations
Cites background from "Factors associated with breast canc..."
...In previous studies, BSE screening was linked to perception of risk [21, 22], perceived benefits [18, 22, 23], barriers [18, 22–24], confidence [18, 21, 23, 24], having heard/read about BC [24], motivation 18], susceptibility [18, 23], Knowledge of BSE issues [21, 23], employment [21], demographic characteristics [23] and regular visits to a physician [23, 24]....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: This study showed moderate to low knowledge on breast cancer (BC) and BCS among teachers and efforts are needed to increase knowledge and remove misconceptions about breast cancer and screening practices among Malaysian women.
Abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the knowledge and practices of 425 female secondary school teachers from 20 selected secondary schools in Selangor, Malaysia on breast cancer screening (BCS). A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used for data collection. This study showed moderate to low knowledge on breast cancer (BC) and BCS among teachers. Only 19%, 25% and 13.6% eligible women performed breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography respectively, on a regular basis. Level of breast cancer knowledge was significantly associated with BSE (p 0.05) and age, family history of breast cancer, marital status or having health insurance. Efforts are needed to increase knowledge and remove misconceptions about breast cancer and screening practices among Malaysian women.
121 citations
TL;DR: HBM is a useful framework for identifying factors influencing the use of BSE in Iranian women and provides a good fit to the data, with 13 variables explaining 62% of the variance in BSE.
Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Screening behavior rates are low in the world. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate breast self-examination (BSE) rate and the relationships of Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs for predicting BSE. Path analysis was used to examine both one-way direct and indirect effects of HBM factors on BSE in this population (N = 382). Data were collected by a part of Champion’s HBM Scale (CHBMS) and a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed that 7.6% of the participants reported performing BSE regularly. The final model provided a good fit to the data, with 13 variables explaining 62% of the variance in BSE. Perceived self-efficacy was intermediate construct between modifying factors and HBM constructs. Also, perceived self-efficacy and perceived benefits were the most highly related to BSE. The results suggest that HBM is a useful framework for identifying factors influencing the use of BSE in Iranian women.
117 citations
Cites background or result from "Factors associated with breast canc..."
...A study on community samples of diverse women groups in USA, the rate of performing monthly BSE ranged from 29% to 63% [28]....
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...In contrast to previous studies [28, 29], perceived susceptibility was a negative significant predictor for BSE performance in our study, as women who perceived greater susceptibility performed fewer BSE....
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...5% in 1985, 20–28% in 2003, and 17% in 2006 [28]....
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...In some studies found that it was not significantly associated with performing BSE [3, 28]....
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...Similar to the findings of other studies [3, 28, 29], our findings showed among the modifying factors, age was the most important predictor for BSE practice, as older and also menopause women performed more BSE....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1987
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of the state of the art in qualitative and quantitative research in the field of nursing, focusing on the following: 1) Introduction to Quantitative Research.
Abstract: Unit I: Introduction to Nursing Research. Discovery of the World of Nursing Research. The Evolution of Research in Nursing. Introduction to Quantitative Research. Introduction to Qualitative Research. Unit II: The Research Process. Research Problem and Purpose. Review of Relevant Literature. Frameworks. Objectives, Questions and Hypotheses. Ethics in Research. Understanding Research Design. Selecting a Research Design. Sampling. The Concepts of Measurement. Measurement Strategies in Nursing. Data Collection and Management. Concepts of Statistical Theory. Descriptive and Exploratory Analyses. Bivariate Inferential Data Analyses. Advanced Statistical Analyses. Qualitative Research Methodology. Outcomes Research. Interpreting Research Outcomes. Communicating Research Findings. Unit III: Strategies for Using Research in Practice. Critical Analysis of Nursing Studies. Utilization of Research in Nursing Practice. Unit IV: Seeking Support for Research Activities. Proposal Writing for Research Approval. Seeking Funding for Research.
3,926 citations
TL;DR: To increase professional health workers’ knowledge of selected research findings and theory so that they may better understand why and under what conditions people take action to prevent, detect and diagnose disease, this paper aims to increase awareness among qualified behavioral scientists about the kinds of behavioral research opportunities and needs that exist in public health.
Abstract: Aims of the Paper
The principal aims of this paper are (1) to increase professional health workers’ knowledge of selected research findings and theory so that they may better understand why and under what conditions people take action to prevent, detect and diagnose disease; and (2) to increase awareness among qualified behavioral scientists about the kinds of behavioral research opportunities and needs that exist in public health.
A matter of personal philosophy of the author is that the goal of understanding and predicting behavior should appropriately precede the goal of attempting to persuade people to modify their health practices, even though behavior can sometimes be changed in a planned way without clear understanding of its original causes. Efforts to modify behavior will ultimately be more successful if they grow out of an understanding of causal processes. Accordingly, primary attention will here be given to an effort to understand why people behave as they do. Only then will brief consideration be given to problems of how to persuade people to use health services.
2,847 citations
TL;DR: A Cochrane review has confirmed and strengthened previous findings that there is no reliable evidence that screening for breast cancer reduces mortality and shows that breast-cancer mortality is a misleading outcome measure.
722 citations
TL;DR: World‐wide estimates of 1‐, 2–3‐ and 4–5‐year point prevalence in 1990 in the population aged 15 years or over are reported and the number of cancer cases diagnosed between 1986 and 1990 who were still alive at the end of 1990 is described.
Abstract: In health services planning, in addition to the basic measures of disease occurrence incidence and mortality, other indexes expressing the demand of care are also required to develop strategies for service provision. One of these is prevalence of the disease, which measures the absolute number, and relative proportion in the population, of individuals affected by the disease and that require some form of medical attention. For most cancer sites, cases surviving 5 years from diagnosis experience thereafter the same survival as the general population, so most of the workload is therefore due to medical acts within these first 5 years. This article reports world-wide estimates of 1-, 2-3- and 4-5-year point prevalence in 1990 in the population aged 15 years or over, and hence describes the number of cancer cases diagnosed between 1986 and 1990 who were still alive at the end of 1990. These estimates of prevalence at 1, 2-3 and 4-5 years are applicable to the evaluation of initial treatment, clinical follow-up and point of cure, respectively, for the majority of cancers. We describe the computational procedure and data sources utilised to obtain these figures and compare them with data published by 2 cancer registries. The highest prevalence of cancer is in North America with 1.5% of the population affected and diagnosed in the previous 5 years (about 0.5% of the population in years 4-5 and 2-3 of follow-up and 0.4% within the first year of diagnosis). This corresponds to over 3.2 million individuals. Western Europe and Australia and New Zealand show very similar percentages with 1.2% and 1.1% of the population affected (about 3.9 and 0.2 million cases respectively). Japan and Eastern Europe form the next batch with 1.0% and 0.7%, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean (overall prevalence of 0.4%), and all remaining regions are around 0.2%. Cancer prevalence in developed countries is very similar in men and women, 1.1% of the sex-specific population, while in developing countries the prevalence is some 25% greater in women than men, reflecting a preponderance of cancer sites with poor survival such as liver, oesophagus and stomach in males. The magnitude of disease incidence is the primary determinant of crude prevalence of cases diagnosed within 1 year so that differences by region mainly reflect variation in risk. In the long-term period however different demographic patterns with long-life expectancy in high-income countries determine a higher prevalence in these areas even for relatively uncommon cancer sites such as the cervix.
703 citations
TL;DR: The purpose of this research was to revise scales measuring perceived susceptibility to breast cancer and perceived benefits and barriers to mammography utilization and these scales represent an improvement in those previously reported.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to revise scales measuring perceived susceptibility to breast cancer and perceived benefits and barriers to mammography utilization. A total of 618 women age 50 and over who were enrolled in a large intervention study participated in data collection. Scales were revised beginning with focus group input. Analyses included internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, factor analysis, confirmatory analysis, and known groups techniques to test construct validity. Internal consistency ranged from .75 to .88, and test reliabilities from .59 to .72. Construct validity was confirmed with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as known group techniques. Overall these scales represent an improvement in those previously reported.
469 citations