Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
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TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Approaches to neuromodulation for schizophrenia
Judith Gault,Rachel A. Davis,Nicola G. Cascella,Elyn R. Saks,Iluminada Corripio-Collado,William S. Anderson,Ann Olincy,John A. Thompson,Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Akira Sawa,Zafiris J. Daskalakis,Nir Lipsman,Aviva Abosch +12 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that patients with severe symptoms despite treatment must have the capacity to consent for a DBS clinical trial in which risks can be estimated, but benefit is not known and psychiatric populations should have access to the potential benefits of neurosurgical advances.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differential failure to deactivate the default mode network in unipolar and bipolar depression
Elena Rodriguez-Cano,Silvia Alonso-Lana,Salvador Sarró,Paloma Fernández-Corcuera,Jose Manuel Goikolea,Eduard Vieta,Teresa Maristany,Raymond Salvador,Peter J. McKenna,Edith Pomarol-Clotet +9 more
TL;DR: Neuroimaging studies have revealed evidence of brain functional abnormalities in bipolar depressive disorder (BDD) and major depressive disorders (MDD), but few studies to date have compared these two mood disorders directly.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of acute aerobic exercise on neural correlates of attention and inhibition in adolescents with bipolar disorder
Arron W.S. Metcalfe,Bradley J. MacIntosh,Antonette Scavone,Xiao Ou,Xiao Ou,Daphne Korczak,Benjamin I. Goldstein +6 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that acute aerobic exercise transiently changes neural response during an executive task among adolescents with BD, and that pre-exercise relationships between symptoms and neural response are absent after exercise.
Journal ArticleDOI
Patients with Schizophrenia Fail to Up-Regulate Task-Positive and Down-Regulate Task-Negative Brain Networks: An fMRI Study Using an ICA Analysis Approach
Merethe Nygård,Tom Eichele,Else-Marie Løberg,Else-Marie Løberg,Hugo A. Jørgensen,Erik Johnsen,Erik Johnsen,Rune A. Kroken,Jan Øystein Berle,Kenneth Hugdahl,Kenneth Hugdahl +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used fMRI and independent component analysis (ICA) to identify relevant networks in schizophrenia patients and compared 31 SZ to age-and gender-matched healthy controls.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biochemical, physiological and clinical effects of l-methylfolate in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial.
Joshua L. Roffman,Liana J. Petruzzi,Alexandra S. Tanner,Hannah E. Brown,Hamdi Eryilmaz,New Fei Ho,Madeline Giegold,Noah J. Silverstein,Teodoro Bottiglieri,Dara S. Manoach,Jordan W. Smoller,David C. Henderson,Donald C. Goff +12 more
TL;DR: L-methylfolate supplementation was associated with salutary physiological changes and selective symptomatic improvement in this study of schizophrenia patients, warranting larger clinical trials.
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