Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
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TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
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An fMRI study of neuronal activation in schizophrenia patients with and without previous cannabis use
Else-Marie Løberg,Merethe Nygård,Jan Øystein Berle,Erik Johnsen,Rune A. Kroken,Hugo A. Jørgensen,Kenneth Hugdahl,Kenneth Hugdahl +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that the present study show some differences in brain activation to a cognitively challenging task between previous cannabis and no-cannabis schizophrenia patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subclinical Delusional Thinking Predicts Lateral Temporal Cortex Responses During Social Reflection
Benjamin K. Brent,Garth Coombs,Matcheri S. Keshavan,Larry J. Seidman,Joseph M. Moran,Daphne J. Holt +5 more
TL;DR: Delusional thinking in the general population may be associated with reduced activity and aberrant functional connectivity of cortical areas involved in SR, as measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging in 22 healthy subjects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic modulation of neural response during working memory in healthy individuals: interaction of glucocorticoid receptor and dopaminergic genes
Wissam El-Hage,Mary L. Phillips,Mary L. Phillips,Joaquim Radua,Bénédicte Gohier,Fernando Zelaya,David A. Collier,Simon Surguladze +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that GR and COMT markers exert their separate, as well as interactive, effects on DLPFC function, suggesting lower efficiency, of DLP FC during WM.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional Imaging Changes in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Adult ADHD
José Salavert,José Salavert,Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga,Ana Moreno-Alcázar,Xavier Caseras,Gloria Palomar,Joaquim Radua,Rosa Bosch,Raymond Salvador,Peter J. McKenna,Miquel Casas,Edith Pomarol-Clotet +11 more
TL;DR: Findings suggest a potential link to ADHD symptomatology as de-activation failure in the medial frontal cortex is linked to lapses of attention, and findings suggest the potential neural bases of executive function in ADHD adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural correlates of reward processing in healthy siblings of patients with schizophrenia.
Esther Hanssen,Esther Hanssen,Jorien van der Velde,Paula M. Gromann,Paula M. Gromann,Sukhi Shergill,Lieuwe de Haan,Richard Bruggeman,Lydia Krabbendam,André Aleman,Nienke van Atteveldt +10 more
TL;DR: The results do not point to altered brain activity in classical RP brain areas, such as the VS, but the weaker deactivation found outside the reward-related network in siblings could indicate reduced task-related suppression (i.e., hyperactivation) of the DMN.
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