Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
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TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Working memory in schizotypal personality disorder: fMRI activation and deactivation differences
Mai-Anh T. Vu,Heidi W. Thermenos,Douglas P. Terry,David J. Wolfe,David J. Wolfe,Martina M. Voglmaier,Margaret A. Niznikiewicz,Robert W. McCarley,Larry J. Seidman,Larry J. Seidman,Chandlee C. Dickey +10 more
TL;DR: Findings suggest that compared to HC subjects, individuals with SPD may achieve comparable working memory performance, however, differences emerge at the level of functional neural activation, attributable to different task-induced activation and deactivation patterns.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain functional connectivity of male patients in remission after the first episode of schizophrenia.
Tomáš Kašpárek,Radovan Prikryl,Jitka Rehulova,Radek Mareček,Michal Mikl,Hana Prikrylova,Jiri Vanicek,Eva Češková +7 more
TL;DR: There is still an abnormal functional connectivity of several brain networks in remission after the first episode of schizophrenia, and the effect of different treatment modalities on brain connectivity, together with temporal dynamics of this functional abnormality should be the objective of further studies to assess its potential as a marker of disease stabilization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Model order effects on ICA of resting-state complex-valued fMRI data: Application to schizophrenia.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate the potential of complex-valued fMRI data to contribute generally and specifically to brain network analysis in identification of schizophrenia-related changes and underlying causes for distinct component splitting are explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resting state default mode network connectivity in children and adolescents with ADHD after acute tryptophan depletion
C.S. Biskup,K. Helmbold,D. Baurmann,Martin Klasen,T. J. Gaber,Sarah Bubenzer-Busch,Werner Königschulte,Gereon R. Fink,Florian D. Zepf +8 more
TL;DR: The role of 5‐HT on the DMN and its functional connectivity (FC) in young patients with ADHD is explored to explore the influence of the neurotransmitter serotonin on this network.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effective connectivity in long-term EEG monitoring in preterm infants
TL;DR: A rapid change in fronto-parietal connectivity was seen from day one to three which may indicate fast postpartum maturation, and there were no certain connectivity differences between gestational ages.
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