Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
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TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A disturbed sense of self in the psychosis prodrome: linking phenomenology and neurobiology.
Barnaby Nelson,Alex Fornito,Alex Fornito,Ben J. Harrison,Murat Yücel,Louis A. Sass,Alison R. Yung,Andrew Thompson,Stephen J. Wood,Christos Pantelis,Patrick D. McGorry +10 more
TL;DR: It is argued that disturbance of the basic or minimal self ("ipseity"), as articulated in phenomenological literature, may be associated with abnormalities in midline cortical structures as observed in neuroimaging studies of pre-onset and early psychotic patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cerebello-thalamo-cortical hyperconnectivity as a state-independent functional neural signature for psychosis prediction and characterization.
Hengyi Cao,Oliver Y. Chén,Yoonho Chung,Jennifer K. Forsyth,Sarah McEwen,Dylan G. Gee,Carrie E. Bearden,Jean Addington,Bradley G. Goodyear,Kristin S. Cadenhead,Heline Mirzakhanian,Barbara A. Cornblatt,Ricardo E. Carrión,Daniel H. Mathalon,Thomas H. McGlashan,Diana O. Perkins,Aysenil Belger,Larry J. Seidman,Heidi W. Thermenos,Ming T. Tsuang,Theo G.M. van Erp,Elaine F. Walker,Stephan Hamann,Alan Anticevic,Scott W. Woods,Tyrone D. Cannon +25 more
TL;DR: It is discovered that increased neural connectivity in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuitry predicts psychosis in those at high risk, and is present in people with schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resting state and task-induced deactivation: A methodological comparison in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls
Maggie V. Mannell,Alexandre Rosa Franco,Alexandre Rosa Franco,Vince D. Calhoun,Vince D. Calhoun,José M. Cañive,Robert J. Thoma,Andrew R. Mayer,Andrew R. Mayer +8 more
TL;DR: Results indicated that TID analyses, ICA, and seed‐based correlation all consistently identified the midline (anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus) and lateral parietal cortex as core regions of the DMN, as well as more variable involvement of temporal lobe structures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Overall brain connectivity maps show cortico-subcortical abnormalities in schizophrenia
Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Fidel Vila,Antoni Capdevila,Edward T. Bullmore,Peter J. McKenna,Edith Pomarol-Clotet +8 more
TL;DR: A method to estimate maps of net levels of connectivity in the resting brain is described, and it is applied to look for differential patterns of connectivity on the basis of DMN–striatum deviant relation in schizophrenia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Abnormal Brain Default-Mode Network Functional Connectivity in Drug Addicts
Ning Ma,Ying Liu,Xian-Ming Fu,Nan Li,Chang-Xin Wang,Hao Zhang,Ruo-Bing Qian,Hu-Sheng Xu,Xiaoping Hu,Daren Zhang +9 more
TL;DR: These findings suggest drug addicts' abnormal functional organization of the DMN is discussed as addiction-related abnormally increased memory processing but diminished cognitive control related to attention and self-monitoring, which may underlie the hypersensitivity toward drug related cues but weakened strength of cognitive control in the state of addiction.
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