Journal ArticleDOI
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Edith Pomarol-Clotet,Raymond Salvador,Salvador Sarró,Jesus J. Gomar,Fidel Vila,A. Martínez,A. Guerrero,Jordi Ortiz-Gil,Bibiana Sans-Sansa,Antoni Capdevila,J. M. Cebamanos,Peter J. McKenna +11 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Patients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task, including an area in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex that corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.Abstract:
BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Altered resting-state connectivity in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis: an fMRI study
Geumsook Shim,Jungsu S. Oh,Wi Hoon Jung,Joon Hwan Jang,Chi Hoon Choi,Euitae Kim,Hye Yoon Park,Jung Seok Choi,Myung Hun Jung,Jun Soo Kwon,Jun Soo Kwon,Jun Soo Kwon +11 more
TL;DR: Findings suggest that abnormal resting-state network activity may be related with the clinical features of UHR subjects, and neurodevelopmental and anatomical alterations of cortical midline structure might underlie altered intrinsic networks in U HR subjects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Schizophrenia
TL;DR: Schizophrenia, characterised by psychotic symptoms and in many cases social and occupational decline, remains an aetiological and therapeutic challenge as mentioned in this paper , and the mainstay of treatment remains dopamine receptor blocking drugs; a psychological intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy, has relatively small effects on symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Schizophrenic Patients and Their Unaffected Siblings Share Increased Resting-State Connectivity in the Task-Negative Network but Not Its Anticorrelated Task-Positive Network
Haihong Liu,Yoshio Kaneko,Xuan Ouyang,Li Li,Yihui Hao,Eric Y.H. Chen,Tianzi Jiang,Yuan Zhou,Zhening Liu +8 more
TL;DR: Similar, though milder, hyperconnectivity of the TNN in unaffected siblings of schizophrenic patients may contribute to the identification of schizophrenia endophenotypes and ultimately to the determination of schizophrenia risk genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hearing voices in the resting brain: A review of intrinsic functional connectivity research on auditory verbal hallucinations
TL;DR: This review outlines the main hypotheses linking AVH and the resting state, and assesses the evidence for alterations to intrinsic connectivity provided by studies of resting fMRI in AVH.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resting state functional connectivity of five neural networks in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
TL;DR: Dysfunction in the connections between networks involved in cognitive and emotional processing in the pathophysiology of BPD and SCZ is indicated, suggesting relationships of neural networks to more diverse clinical and cognitive domains underlying psychiatric disorders.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL.
Stephen M. Smith,Mark Jenkinson,Mark W. Woolrich,Mark W. Woolrich,Christian F. Beckmann,Behrens Tej.,Heidi Johansen-Berg,Peter R. Bannister,M De Luca,Ivana Drobnjak,D E Flitney,Rami K. Niazy,J Saunders,J Vickers,Yongyue Zhang,N. De Stefano,J M Brady,Paul M. Matthews +17 more
TL;DR: A review of the research carried out by the Analysis Group at the Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB) on the development of new methodologies for the analysis of both structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data.
Book
Signal detection theory and psychophysics
David M. Green,John A. Swets +1 more
TL;DR: This book discusses statistical decision theory and sensory processes in signal detection theory and psychophysics and describes how these processes affect decision-making.
Journal ArticleDOI
A default mode of brain function.
Marcus E. Raichle,Ann Mary MacLeod,Abraham Z. Snyder,William J. Powers,Debra A. Gusnard,Gordon L. Shulman +5 more
TL;DR: A baseline state of the normal adult human brain in terms of the brain oxygen extraction fraction or OEF is identified, suggesting the existence of an organized, baseline default mode of brain function that is suspended during specific goal-directed behaviors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional connectivity in the resting brain: A network analysis of the default mode hypothesis
TL;DR: This study constitutes, to the knowledge, the first resting-state connectivity analysis of the default mode and provides the most compelling evidence to date for the existence of a cohesive default mode network.
Journal ArticleDOI
Searching for a baseline: Functional imaging and the resting human brain
TL;DR: This work explores the possibility that there might be a baseline or resting state of brain function involving a specific set of mental operations, including the manner in which a baseline is defined and the implications of such a baseline for the understanding ofbrain function.