Family climate for road safety: A new concept and measure
TL;DR: This research adapted the workplace concept of safety climate to the domain of safe driving, defining a new construct of "family climate for road safety", and developing and validating a multidimensional instrument to assess this construct among young drivers.
About: This article is published in Accident Analysis & Prevention.The article was published on 2013-05-01. It has received 58 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Safety culture & Convergent validity.
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TL;DR: There is an acute need for a unifying conceptual framework in order to synthesize these results and make useful generalizations on driving styles, and there is a considerable potential for increasing road safety by means of behavior modification.
Abstract: Objective:The aim of this study was to outline a conceptual framework for understanding driving style and, on this basis, review the state-of-the-art research on driving styles in relation to road safety.Background:Previous research has indicated a relationship between the driving styles adopted by drivers and their crash involvement. However, a comprehensive literature review of driving style research is lacking.Method:A systematic literature search was conducted, including empirical, theoretical, and methodological research, on driving styles related to road safety.Results:A conceptual framework was proposed whereby driving styles are viewed in terms of driving habits established as a result of individual dispositions as well as social norms and cultural values. Moreover, a general scheme for categorizing and operationalizing driving styles was suggested. On this basis, existing literature on driving styles and indicators was reviewed. Links between driving styles and road safety were identified and ind...
265 citations
Cites background from "Family climate for road safety: A n..."
...Underwood (2013) studied changes in driving styles between two age groups of novice drivers (17–19 years and 23–44 years) over the first 6 months after they acquired a full license, in order to assess effects of driving experience....
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...…studies by the same authors focused on the relationship between family climate and the driving styles of young drivers (Taubman-Ben-Ari, 2010; Taubman-Ben-Ari & Katz-Ben-Ami, 2012, 2013), finding that “positive aspects of the parentchild relationship and high levels of conformity to…...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the contribution of the new concept of "family climate for road safety" and several aspects of the social environment to the driving behavior of young drivers.
91 citations
TL;DR: Examining MDSI factors in samples of young drivers aged 17-21 and older drivers aged 22-84 suggests that driving styles are largely unaffected by sociodemographic characteristics, except for gender and ethnicity, and appear to represent a relatively stable and universal trait.
77 citations
Cites background from "Family climate for road safety: A n..."
...The anxious driving style was found to correlate positively with monitoring and parental limits (Taubman - Ben-Ari and Katz-Ben-Ami, 2012, 2013), indicating that firm discipline on the part of parents does not guarantee the adaptive behavior of their children, but rather greater anxiety and…...
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...…family’s level of cohesion and daptability (two aspects of Olson’s FACES; Olson, 1991), the lower he young driver’s tendency to endorse all three maladaptive drivng styles and the higher their preference for the careful and patient tyle (Gil et al., 2016; Taubman - Ben-Ari and Katz-Ben-Ami, 2013)....
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TL;DR: Several interventions-in particular, those that had an active engagement component, incorporated an in-vehicle data recorder system, and had a strong conceptual approach-show promise in improving parental supervisory behaviors during the learner and early independent phases, increasing teen driver skill acquisition, and reducing teens' risky driving behaviors.
53 citations
TL;DR: An innovative strategy consisting of a therapeutic postaccident group intervention, entitled the ECARR2 protocol, is set up to prevent recurrence among adolescents and young adults identified at risk, taking into account the multiple risk factors.
Abstract: Traffic accidents are the leading cause of hospitalization in adolescence, with the 18 to 24 years old age group accounting for 23% of deaths by traffic accidents. Recurrence rate is also high. One in four teenagers will have a relapse within the year following the first accident. Cognitive impairments known in adolescence could cause risky behaviors, defined as repetitive engagement in dangerous situations such as road accidents. Two categories of factors seem to be associated with traffic accidents: 1) factors specific to the traffic environment; and 2) "human" factors, which seem to be the most influential. Moreover, the establishment of a stronger relation to high speed driving increases traffic accident risks and can also be intensified by sensation-seeking. Other factors such as substance use (alcohol, drugs and “binge drinking”) are also identified as risk factors. Furthermore, cell phone use while driving and ADHD (Attention Deficit Disorder with or without Hyperactivity) also seem to be important risk factors for car accidents. The family environment strongly influences a young person’s driving behavior. Some interventional driving strategies and preventive measures have reduced the risk of traffic accidents among young people, such as the graduated driver licensing program and advertising campaigns. So far, few therapeutic approaches have been implemented. Reason why, we decided to set up an innovative strategy consisting of a therapeutic post-accident group intervention, entitled the ECARR2 protocol, to prevent recurrence among adolescents and young adults identified at risk, taking into account the multiple risk factors.
52 citations
References
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TL;DR: Research guided by self-determination theory has focused on the social-contextual conditions that facilitate versus forestall the natural processes of self-motivation and healthy psychological development, leading to the postulate of three innate psychological needs--competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
Abstract: Human beings can be proactive and engaged or, alternatively, passive and alienated, largely as a function of the social conditions in which they develop and function. Accordingly, research guided by self-determination theo~ has focused on the social-contextual conditions that facilitate versus forestall the natural processes of self-motivation and healthy psychological development. Specifically, factors have been examined that enhance versus undermine intrinsic motivation, self-regulation, and well-being. The findings have led to the postulate of three innate psychological needs--competence, autonomy, and relatednesswhich when satisfied yield enhanced self-motivation and mental health and when thwarted lead to diminished motivation and well-being. Also considered is the significance of these psychological needs and processes within domains such as health care, education, work, sport, religion, and psychotherapy. T he fullest representations of humanity show people to be curious, vital, and self-motivated. At their best, they are agentic and inspired, striving to learn; extend themselves; master new skills; and apply their talents responsibly. That most people show considerable effort, agency, and commitment in their lives appears, in fact, to be more normative than exceptional, suggesting some very positive and persistent features of human nature. Yet, it is also clear that the human spirit can be diminished or crushed and that individuals sometimes reject growth and responsibility. Regardless of social strata or cultural origin, examples of both children and adults who are apathetic, alienated, and irresponsible are abundant. Such non-optimal human functioning can be observed not only in our psychological clinics but also among the millions who, for hours a day, sit passively before their televisions, stare blankly from the back of their classrooms, or wait listlessly for the weekend as they go about their jobs. The persistent, proactive, and positive tendencies of human nature are clearly not invariantly apparent. The fact that human nature, phenotypically expressed, can be either active or passive, constructive or indolent, suggests more than mere dispositional differences and is a function of more than just biological endowments. It also bespeaks a wide range of reactions to social environments that is worthy of our most intense scientific investigation. Specifically, social contexts catalyze both within- and between-person differences in motivation and personal growth, resulting in people being more self-motivated, energized, and integrated in some situations, domains, and cultures than in others. Research on the conditions that foster versus undermine positive human potentials has both theoretical import and practical significance because it can contribute not only to formal knowledge of the causes of human behavior but also to the design of social environments that optimize people's development, performance, and well-being. Research guided by self-determination theory (SDT) has had an ongoing concern with precisely these
29,115 citations
"Family climate for road safety: A n..." refers background in this paper
...Derived from the elf-Determination Theory (Ryan and Deci, 2000), perception of arents refers to the way in which children perceive their mothers’ nd fathers’ level of involvement, autonomy granting, and warmth Grolnick et al., 1991, 1997)....
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..., Parenting and Children’s Internalization of Values: A Handbook of Contemporary Theory....
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...This idea draws on the Family Systems Theory (Cox & Paley, 1997) and the theoretical concept of “linked lives”, which assumes that families can never be fully understood independent of the context of that system (Sameroff, 1994)....
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...The scale assesses the degree to which parents provide what Self-Determination Theory considers an optimal parenting context (Grolnick et al., 1997), and is completed by children to describe their mothers and fathers....
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Book•
01 Jan 1991TL;DR: In this article, the effects of predictor scaling on the coefficients of regression equations are investigated. But, they focus mainly on the effect of predictors scaling on coefficients of regressions.
Abstract: Introduction Interactions between Continuous Predictors in Multiple Regression The Effects of Predictor Scaling on Coefficients of Regression Equations Testing and Probing Three-Way Interactions Structuring Regression Equations to Reflect Higher Order Relationships Model and Effect Testing with Higher Order Terms Interactions between Categorical and Continuous Variables Reliability and Statistical Power Conclusion Some Contrasts Between ANOVA and MR in Practice
27,897 citations
TL;DR: The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) as mentioned in this paperAD is a questionnaire designed to evaluate families according to the McMaster Model of Family Functioning and is made up of seven scales which measure Problem Solving, Communication, Roles and Affective Responsiveness, Affective Involvement, Behavior Control and General Functioning.
Abstract: This paper describes the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), a newly developed questionnaire designed to evaluate families according to the McMaster Model of Family Functioning. The FAD is made up of seven scales which measure Problem Solving, Communication, Roles, Affective Responsiveness, Affective Involvement, Behavior Control and General Functioning. The paper describes the procedures used to develop the FAD and presents scale means and scale reliabilities from a sample of 503 individuals.
3,130 citations
TL;DR: It was shown that there is an agreement among employees' perceptions regarding safety climate in their company and that the level of this climate is correlated with safety program effectiveness as judged by safety inspectors.
Abstract: A 40-item measure of organizational climate for safety was constructed and validated in a stratified sample of 20 industrial organizations in Israel. This climate reflects employees' perceptions about the relative importance of safe conduct in their occupational behavior. It can vary from highly positive to a neutral level, and its average level reflects the safety climate in a given company. It was shown that there is an agreement among employees' perceptions regarding safety climate in their company and that the level of this climate is correlated with safety program effectiveness as judged by safety inspectors. The two dimensions of highest importance in determining the level of this climate were workers' perceptions of management attitudes about safety and their perceptions regarding the relevance of safety in general production processes. It is proposed that organizational climate, when operationalized and validated as demonstrated in this article, can serve as a useful tool in understanding occupational behavior.
2,444 citations
"Family climate for road safety: A n..." refers background or methods in this paper
...…et al., 2010; Shannon et al., 2001; Zohar, 1980, 2010). he term is used to describe employees’ perceptions of the role of afety in their organization, that is, the policies, procedures, and ractices that relate to the value, importance, and priority of safety ithin the organization (Zohar, 1980)....
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...…and Cheyne, 2000; Glendon and Litherland, 2001; Lee, 1998; Lee and Harrison, 2000; Mearns et al., 2003; Neal and Griffin, 2006; Seo et al., 2004; Zohar, 1980; Zohar & Luria, 2005), as well as scales assessing the parent–child relationship as related to driving (e.g., Beck et al., 2005; Hartos…...
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...…of “safety climate” (e.g., Gillen t al., 2002; Glendon and Litherland, 2001; Hofmann and Stetzer, 996; Huang et al., 2010; Shannon et al., 2001; Zohar, 1980, 2010). he term is used to describe employees’ perceptions of the role of afety in their organization, that is, the policies,…...
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TL;DR: In this article, the most important ideas to have emerged from the last 25 years of research on adolescent development in the family context and suggests some directions for the future are examined, and two major sets of questions organize the review.
Abstract: This article examines the most important ideas to have emerged from the last 25 years of research on adolescent development in the family context and suggests some directions for the future. Two major sets of questions organize the review. First, how can we best characterize normative family relationships during adolescence, and, more specifically, is adolescence a time of parent A child conflict? Second, how do variations in parent – child relationships affect the developing adolescent? The answer to the first question depends on what is meant by conflict and, more importantly, from whom one gathers data. There is a need for a new perspective on the family, one that emphasizes the different viewpoints and stakes that parents and adolescents bring to their relationship with each other. Special attention should be paid to studies of the mental health of parents of adolescents. With regard to the second question, it is argued that there is enough evidence to conclude that adolescents benefit from having parents who are authoritative: warm, firm, and accepting of their needs for psychological autonomy. Therefore, it would seem most beneficial to institute a systematic, large-scale, multifaceted, and ongoing public health campaign to educate parents about adolescence, one that draws on the collective resources and expertise of health-care professionals, scientists, governmental agencies, community organizations, schools, religious institutions, and the mass media.
1,998 citations