Journal ArticleDOI

# Fano Resonances and Photoluminescence in Self-Assembled High-Quality-Factor Microbottle Resonators

01 Feb 2019--Vol. 31, Iss: 3, pp 226-229
Abstract: We demonstrate self-assembly of microbottle resonators (MBRs) that support high-quality-factor (high- $Q$ ) whispering gallery modes (WGMs). Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a transparent organic polymer, has been used for the self-assembly. Active MBRs have been created by doping PMMA with laser dye rhodamine 6G. WGM-modulated photoluminescence has been observed from the active MBRs. The self-assembled passive MBRs show $Q$ -factors of the order of $10^{6}$ . Fano- and electromagnetically induced transparency-type resonances have been observed in the transmission spectra.

Topics: Fano resonance (55%)
##### Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: The temperature dependence of the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of self-assembled microbottle resonators (MBRs) made of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been studied. The MBRs are doped with fluorescent cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs). WGMs of MBRs are found to exhibit a blue shift on increasing the temperature over a wide temperature range. It has been observed that the shifts are linear with temperature over a ~10 nm wavelength range studied here. The observed shifts are stable over several cycles and longer exposure times indicating high photo-stability.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
03 Sep 2020-Journal of Optics
Abstract: Multi-layered tungsten disulfide (WS2) coated silicon/silica (Si/SiO2) substrate and SiO2 micro-bottle resonators (MBRs) have been prepared by van der Waals epitaxy method. Raman spectra of WS2-coated MBR show that the out-of-plane Raman mode is sensitive to the polarization of the excitation laser. The quality factor (Q) values of the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) in the transmission spectrum of an MBR decrease by 2 orders of magnitude on coating with WS2. On coating, a cleaner spectrum is obtained along with a concomitant effect of decrease in the number of lossy modes. Fano resonances as well as Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) was observed for the WGMs in the cleaned transmission spectrum. From the simulations it has been verified that the scattered electric field of the WS2 flakes contributes to the observation of the Fano resonances and ATS in the coated MBR spectra.

4 citations

### Cites background or methods from "Fano Resonances and Photoluminescen..."

• ...Fano resonances were observed in a self-assembled MBR [35]....

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• ...The Fano resonances in a MBR is given by [35]...

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2020-
Abstract: We report the effect of coating of tungsten disulphide (WS2) on fiberized silica microsphere resonator. Transmission measurements of the microsphere resonator have been done with the help of a tunable laser source and a tapered fiber. The quality (Q) factors have been measured for bare and WS2 coated microcavities. Results indicate that although there is a decrease of Q-factor from 107 to 105 after coating, it results in a cleaner spectrum. Cleaning of WGM spectra becomes important for applications such as sensing where observing a single mode resonance is essential in estimating the shift precisely. Asymmetric Fano-type profile has been observed in the clean spectrum due to the interaction of WS2 with the uncoated WGMs at 1550 nm.

1 citations

Book ChapterDOI
Frank Vollmer1, Deshui Yu1Institutions (1)
01 Jan 2020-
Abstract: The whispering-gallery-mode microcavities have been widely applied in chemical and biological sensing due to their tiny mode volume and high-quality factor. In this chapter, the exact and approximate solutions of the whispering gallery modes of microspheres, microbottles, microdisks, and microtoroids are studied in an analytical manner. In addition, the microcavity’s quality factor and the evanescent-wave excitation are also discussed in detail.

1 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
26 Jun 2020-
Abstract: Microbottle resonators were fabricated by self-assembly of Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) doped polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) on a tapered optical fiber stem Whispering gallery modes have been observed in the photoluminescence spectrum of QDs, which shows a blue shift on increasing the temperature The temperature sensing device shows a sensitivity of 8 pm/°C and good photo- and temporal stability

##### References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ugo Fano1Institutions (1)
15 Dec 1961-Physical Review
Abstract: The interference of a discrete autoionized state with a continuum gives rise to characteristically asymmetric peaks in excitation spectra. The earlier qualitative interpretation of this phenomenon is extended and revised. A theoretical formula is fitted to the shape of the $2s2p^{1}P$ resonance of He observed in the inelastic scattering of electrons. The fitting determines the parameters of the $2s2p^{1}P$ resonance as follows: $E=60.1$ ev, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{\sim}0.04$ ev, $f\ensuremath{\sim}2 \mathrm{to} 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The theory is extended to the interaction of one discrete level with two or more continua and of a set of discrete levels with one continuum. The theory can also give the position and intensity shifts produced in a Rydberg series of discrete levels by interaction with a level of another configuration. The connection with the nuclear theory of resonance scattering is indicated.

7,766 citations

### "Fano Resonances and Photoluminescen..." refers background in this paper

• ...Fano resonances [20] were first proposed in atomic systems, where a discrete state interferes with a continuum of states to give rise to an asymmetric absorption line profile, popularly known as Fano profiles....

[...]

Proceedings Article
Kerry J. Vahala1Institutions (1)
01 Jan 2005-
TL;DR: In quantum optical devices, microcavities can coax atoms or quantum dots to emit spontaneous photons in a desired direction or can provide an environment where dissipative mechanisms such as spontaneous emission are overcome so that quantum entanglement of radiation and matter is possible.

Abstract: Microcavity physics and design will be reviewed. Following an overview of applications in quantum optics, communications and biosensing, recent advances in ultra-high-Q research will be presented.

2,575 citations

### "Fano Resonances and Photoluminescen..." refers background or methods in this paper

• ...WHISPERING gallery mode (WGM) microresonators provide a versatile platform for fundamental research and light-based applications [1], [2]....

[...]

• ...WGM-based microresonators are used as sensors [3], add-drop filters [2], cavities for nonlinear optical processes [4], and to explore cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects such as Rabi splitting and Purcell enhancement [1]....

[...]

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2017-Nature Photonics
Abstract: The importance of the Fano resonance concept is recognized across multiple fields of physics. In this Review, Fano resonance is explored in the context of optics, with particular emphasis on dielectric nanostructures and metasurfaces. Rapid progress in photonics and nanotechnology brings many examples of resonant optical phenomena associated with the physics of Fano resonances, with applications in optical switching and sensing. For successful design of photonic devices, it is important to gain deep insight into different resonant phenomena and understand their connection. Here, we review a broad range of resonant electromagnetic effects by using two effective coupled oscillators, including the Fano resonance, electromagnetically induced transparency, Kerker and Borrmann effects, and parity–time symmetry breaking. We discuss how to introduce the Fano parameter for describing a transition between two seemingly different spectroscopic signatures associated with asymmetric Fano and symmetric Lorentzian shapes. We also review the recent results on Fano resonances in dielectric nanostructures and metasurfaces.

817 citations

### "Fano Resonances and Photoluminescen..." refers background or methods in this paper

• ...[25], we used fitting of the transmission spectrum by Fano line profiles as the conclusive test for Fano resonances....

[...]

• ...Figure 4(d) shows a peak instead of a dip, which is known as an EIT profile [25]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
Abstract: We briefly review basic properties of dielectric whispering gallery mode resonators that are important for applications of the resonators in optics and photonics.

684 citations

### "Fano Resonances and Photoluminescen..." refers background or methods in this paper

• ...WHISPERING gallery mode (WGM) microresonators provide a versatile platform for fundamental research and light-based applications [1], [2]....

[...]

• ...WGM-based microresonators are used as sensors [3], add-drop filters [2], cavities for nonlinear optical processes [4], and to explore cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects such as Rabi splitting and Purcell enhancement [1]....

[...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of sensor technology exploiting optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances by detailing the fundamental principles and theory of WGMs in optical microcavities and the transduction mechanisms frequently employed for sensing purposes.

Abstract: We present a comprehensive overview of sensor technology exploiting optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances. After a short introduction we begin by detailing the fundamental principles and theory of WGMs in optical microcavities and the transduction mechanisms frequently employed for sensing purposes. Key recent theoretical contributions to the modeling and analysis of WGM systems are highlighted. Subsequently we review the state of the art of WGM sensors by outlining efforts made to date to improve current detection limits. Proposals in this vein are numerous and range, for example, from plasmonic enhancements and active cavities to hybrid optomechanical sensors, which are already working in the shot noise limited regime. In parallel to furthering WGM sensitivity, efforts to improve the time resolution are beginning to emerge. We therefore summarize the techniques being pursued in this vein. Ultimately WGM sensors aim for real-world applications, such as measurements of force and temperature, or alternatively gas and biosensing. Each such application is thus reviewed in turn, and important achievements are discussed. Finally, we adopt a more forward-looking perspective and discuss the outlook of WGM sensors within both a physical and biological context and consider how they may yet push the detection envelope further.

594 citations

### "Fano Resonances and Photoluminescen..." refers methods in this paper

• ...WGM-based microresonators are used as sensors [3], add-drop filters [2], cavities for nonlinear optical processes [4], and to explore cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects such as Rabi splitting and Purcell enhancement [1]....

[...]

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20205