Fast in situ phase and stress analysis during laser surface treatment: a synchrotron x-ray diffraction approach.
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An in situ stress analysis by means of synchrotron x-ray diffraction was carried out during laser surface hardening of steel, enabling the separation of thermal from elastic strains and gains unprecedented insight into the laser hardening process.Abstract:
An in situ stress analysis by means of synchrotron x-ray diffraction was carried out during laser surface hardening of steel. A single exposure set-up that based on a special arrangement of two fast silicon strip line detectors was established, allowing for fast stress analysis according to the sin2ψ x-ray analysis method. For the in situ experiments a process chamber was designed and manufactured, which is described in detail. First measurements were carried out at the HZG undulator imaging beamline (IBL, beamline P05) at the synchrotron storage ring PETRA III, DESY, Hamburg (Germany). The laser processing was carried out using a 6 kW high power diode laser system. Two different laser optics were compared, a Gaussian optic with a focus spot of o 3 mm and a homogenizing optic with a rectangular spot dimension of 8 × 8 mm2. The laser processing was carried out using spot hardening at a heating-/cooling rate of 1000 K/s and was controlled via pyrometric temperature measurement using a control temperature of 1150 °C. The set-up being established during the measuring campaign allowed for this first realization data collection rates of 10Hz. The data evaluation procedure applied enables the separation of thermal from elastic strains and gains unprecedented insight into the laser hardening process.read more
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Laser Transformation Hardening of Steel
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TL;DR: Laser surface hardening is a well-established process for enhancing the mechanical properties of selected surface areas of engineering parts made of different types of steel Since this was first reported in the early seventies, much research has been done since to develop a deeper understanding of the process, process modeling for determining operating parameters, laser beam shaping, and online process monitoring as discussed by the authors.
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Spatially resolved temporal stress evolution during laser surface spot hardening of steel
TL;DR: In this article, in-situ X-ray diffraction analyses with a time resolution up to 100ms were carried out at the synchrotron beamlines P05@PETRAIII*,), DESY, Hamburg and PDIFF@ANKA, Karlsruhe, by the application of the measurement and evaluation approach for very fast X-Ray diffraction stress analyses.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A review of the use of high power diode lasers in surface hardening
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a review of laser surface hardening, outlining some of its benefits compared with conventional hardening techniques and a selective review of the experimental research carried out in this area is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Time-resolved X-ray diffraction investigation of primary weld solidification in Fe-C-Al-Mn steel welds
TL;DR: In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TRXRD) using synchrotron radiation was used to monitor the phase evolution during welding of Fe-C-Al-Mn steel with 0.05 s resolutions as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Predictive modeling and experimental results for residual stresses in laser hardening of AISI 4140 steel by a high power diode laser
TL;DR: In this article, a predictive model for residual stresses induced in a laser hardened workpiece of AISI 4140 steel with no melting has been developed and experimentally verified, where a transient three-dimensional thermal and kinetic model is first solved to obtain the temperature and solid phase history of the workpiece, which is then sequentially coupled to a threedimensional stress model to predict residual stresses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser Transformation Hardening
TL;DR: In the early 1970s, surface hardening by inducing phase transformations through the heating effect of a laser beam was one of the first laser-based fabrication methods to be commercialised as discussed by the authors.