Fate and impact of organics in an immersed membrane bioreactor applied to brine denitrification and ion exchange regeneration.
TL;DR: It was concluded that a denitrification MBR was an appropriate technology for IEX spent brine recovery and reuse and compared to that determined when using freshly produced brine for regeneration.
About: This article is published in Water Research.The article was published on 2010-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 23 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Denitrification & Brine.
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used pure cultures of denitrifying bacteria encapsulated in porous polyvinyl alcohol lenses (LB) for the removal of nitrates from high-salinity desulphurization water and other industrial wastewaters of similar character.
Abstract: Successful elimination of high concentrations of N–NO
x
−
(up to 250 mg/L) from high salinity wastewaters (up to 35 g/L Cl− + 17 g/L SO4
2−) originating from desulphurization process within coal power stations was achieved using pure cultures of denitrifying bacteria encapsulated in porous polyvinyl alcohol lenses (so called Lentikats Biocatalyst, LB). Laboratory batch tests revealed inhibitory influence of the raw wastewater on the denitrification activity, which was partially mitigated by the addition of P–PO4
3−. In following continuous tests, the denitrification activities reached the range 150–450 mg N/h/kg LB, i.e., values suitable for industrial scale applications. The higher activities were achieved under a lower salinity, higher N–NO
x
−
influent concentrations and a prolonged retention time. The effluent N–NO
x
−
concentrations were below the determination limit of 5 mg/L. After a period of 3 months, a significant decrease of denitrification activity of Lentikats Biocatalyst was observed. Addition of nutrients into the wastewater enabled fast regeneration of the initial activity. The overall results proved the applicability of Lentikats Biocatalysts for the removal of nitrates from high-salinity desulphurization water and other industrial wastewaters of similar character.
13 citations
Cites background from "Fate and impact of organics in an i..."
...…sludge often fail when applied to industrial wastewaters and special pretreatment is often necessary to remove biological inhibitors (Beliavski et al. 2010; Cyplik et al. 2007; Ersever et al. 2007; Lefebvre and Moletta 2006; McAdam and Judd 2008; McAdam et al. 2010; Wisniewski et al. 2002)....
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TL;DR: The important nervonic acid content detected indicates that acidogenic sludge can be used as a source for the production of high value-added biomedical substrates and should be taken into consideration during evaluation of acidogenesis in process simulation and modelling.
Abstract: The microbial basis of acidification process during spontaneous cheese whey wastewater fermentation was decrypted by implementing both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. Lac
tobacillus and Bifidobacterium were the predominant taxa among the microbiota growing on MRS (deMan, Rogosa, and Sharpe), while Kazachstania unispora and Dekkera anomala yeast species were also isolated. Almost all Lactobacillus isolates were heterofermentative that could ferment glucose and lactose, with most of them being related to Lactobacillus hilgardii (99.0–100 % similarity). By employing fluorescence techniques, the dominance of long crescent-shaped bacteria in the acidogenic sludge was observed. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), clone library, and next-generation sequencing techniques revealed the dominance of Selenomonas lacticifex. Based on Illumina data, Selenomonas in the continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) represented 70.13 ± 4.64 % of the bacterial reads, while other Veillonellaceae taxa (Megasphaera and Pectinatus) represented a notable proportion (6.54 %). Prevotella was only detected by Illumina sequencing as an important constituent of the microbial population (14.97 ± 1.71 %). Budding yeasts represented 97 % of the fungal population in the CSTR, with Yarrowia strains representing 88.85 ± 5.52 % of the fungal reads. Spontaneous cheese whey acidification can favor the dominance of rumen bacteria and here was driven by the rarely reported S. lacticifex-type fermentation, which should be taken into consideration during evaluation of acidogenesis in process simulation and modelling. Moreover, the important nervonic acid content detected indicates that acidogenic sludge can be used as a source for the production of high value-added biomedical substrates.
8 citations
Cites methods from "Fate and impact of organics in an i..."
...Phospholipid fatty acid and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis in the cells of acidifying biomass PLFA analysis was carried out as described in McAdam et al. (2010)....
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Patent•
08 Oct 2014TL;DR: In this paper, a water treatment system including a flow regulation control system configured to combine oxo-anion-contaminated water with a reduction-promoting agent, a hole scavenger, or both is presented.
Abstract: A water treatment system including: a flow regulation control system configured to combine oxo-anion-contaminated water with a reduction-promoting agent, a hole scavenger, or both; a reactor fluidically coupled to the flow regulation control system; a first set of system control probes configured to monitor the concentration of oxygen and oxo-anion in the contaminated water; a second set of system control probes configured to monitor concentration of the oxo-anion and reduction products of the oxo-anion in treated effluent from the reactor; and a controller configured to control the flow regulation control system, thereby controlling the flow rate of the contaminated water and the at least one of the reduction-promoting agent and the hole scavenger to the reactor based at least in part on the concentration of oxo-anion and the reduction products of the oxo-anion in the treated effluent.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of reactive coagulant dosing on membrane permeability was investigated using a model particle system, and it was shown that the early development of biopolymer aggregation is initiated which inhibits transport of the individual biopolymers to the membrane.
7 citations
Cites background from "Fate and impact of organics in an i..."
...Numerous chemical compounds have been trialled including metal salts, biopolymers, starch [4,5] and organic polymers and have been considered particularly pertinent for reactive dosing of the coagulant to limit the impact of sudden SMP release in response to process perturbation, such as saline shock [6,9,10]....
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TL;DR: A composite membrane bioreactor (CMBR) integrating the immobilized cell technique and the membrane separation technology was developed for groundwater denitrification as discussed by the authors, which had two well mixed compartments with one filled with the nitrate-containing influent and the other with a dilute ethanol solution.
Abstract: A composite membrane bioreactor (CMBR) integrating the immobilized cell technique and the membrane separation technology was developed for groundwater denitrification. The CMBR had two well mixed compartments with one filled with the nitrate-containing influent and the other with a dilute ethanol solution; the compartments were separated by the composite membrane consisting of a microporous membrane facing the influent and an immobilized cell membrane facing the ethanol solution. Nitrate and ethanol molecules diffused from the respective compartments into the immobilized cell membrane where nitrate was reduced to gaseous nitrogen by the denitrifying bacteria present there with ethanol as the carbon source. The microporous membrane was attached to one side of the immobilized cell membrane for retention of the disaggregated bacteria. Relative to the single dose of external ethanol, the two-dose supplementation produced better treatment results as evidenced by the lower concentrations of NO3−-N and ethanol (as measured by total organic carbon) of the effluent. The batch treatment in CMBR removed most of the nitrate in the influent and attained a stable denitrification rate of 0.1 g·m−2·h−1 for most of the 96-h cycles during the 30-cycle study. The effluent was essentially free of ethanol and nitrite nitrogen.
6 citations
Cites result from "Fate and impact of organics in an i..."
...82∶1, which was above that reported for denitrification with MBR [17,20,21], the nitrate removal efficiency was lower than that reported....
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References
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TL;DR: The lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials that has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues.
Abstract: Lipid decomposition studies in frozen fish have led to the development of a simple and rapid method for the extraction and purification of lipids from biological materials. The entire procedure can...
46,099 citations
TL;DR: Wimpenny & Colasanti (1997) have suggested that biofilm structure is largely determined by the concentration of substrate, and postulated that such differences also validate at least three conceptual models of biofilms – heterogeneous mosaics, structures penetrated by water channels, and dense confluent bioFilms.
Abstract: Biofilms probably comprise the normal environment for most microbial cells in many natural and artificial habitats, and as such are complex associations of cells, extracellular products and detritus either trapped within the biofilm or released from cells which have lysed as the biofilm ages (Christensen, 1989). The main ‘cement ’ for all these cells and products is the mixture of polysaccharides secreted by the cells established within the biofilm. Probably the nearest analogy is processed food, in which a mixture of macromolecules of all types interact in variousways to form a recognizable structure. Within such a structure, cells, water, ions and soluble low-and high-molecular-mass products are trapped. In many biofilms, as in food, the hydrated polysaccharides may be in a semi-solid state. The major component in the biofilm matrix is water – up to 97% (Zhang et al., 1998), and the characteristics of the solvent are determined by the solutes dissolved in it. The exact structure of any biofilm is probably a unique feature of the environment in which it develops. As pointed out by Stoodley et al. (1999a), nutritional and physical conditions greatly affect the nature of laboratory biofilms and this is equally true for other types. Wimpenny & Colasanti (1997) have also suggested that biofilm structure is largely determined by the concentration of substrate. They further postulated that such differences also validate at least three conceptual models of biofilms – heterogeneous mosaics, structures penetrated by water channels, and dense confluent biofilms.
1,702 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The second edition of the MBR Book as mentioned in this paper provides more content than the first edition, with more than 120 contributors from the academic research and municipal/industrial practitioner communities, covering all important aspects of Membrane BioReactors in water and waste water treatment.
Abstract: A Membrane BioReactor (MBR) is the combination of a membrane process (e.g. microfiltration/ ultrafiltration) with a suspended growth bioreactor. When used with domestic wastewater, MBR processes can produce effluent of high enough quality to be discharged to waterways, or to be reclaimed for urban irrigation. Other advantages of MBRs over conventional processes include small footprint, easy retrofit and upgrade of old wastewater treatment plants.
The MBR Book covers all important aspects of Membrane BioReactors in water and waste water treatment, from the fundamentals of the processes via design principles to MBR technologies. Industrial case studies help interpret actual results and give pointers for best practice. Useful appendices provide data on commercial membranes and international membrane organizations.
The MBR book enables readers to:
Understand the fundamental processes involved in membrane and biotreatment technologies
Compare and contrast design options and work through sample calculations
Review commercial MBR systems in terms of specific applications
Learn from case studies involving domestic and industrial effluent treatment and recycling
Analyze process design, operation, performance and maintenance to draw conclusions appropriate to their requirements
New to the second edition:
45% more content than the first edition.
Over 120 contributors from the academic research and municipal/industrial practitioner communities.
Review of MBR status in ten countries.
Expanded section on anaerobic MBRs, micropollutant fate and hybrid systems.
Simplified design methodology, with biokinetics for dynamic modelling and cost benefit analysis.
Expanded operation and maintenance section, informed by expert panel of practitioners offering more than 40 years combined experience.
Over 40 MBR membrane products described, with most of the technical specifications provided.
Over 50 case studies provided, including key design, performance, and operation and maintenance data in almost all cases.
Membrane Bioreactors are a major growth area in the water and waste water treatment industries
Internationally-known author, one of the leading senior experts in MBR research
Principles and practice, backed by industrial case studies
1,278 citations
"Fate and impact of organics in an i..." refers background or methods in this paper
...This appears counter-intuitive, based on the presence of accumulated 183 organics and challenges previous reports which link fouling propensity to elevated 184 concentrations of biopolymers in the bulk phase (Judd, 2006; Reid et al., 2006)....
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...Soluble microbial products 119 (SMP) were extracted according to the method described in Judd (2006) and 120 polysaccharide and protein concentration quantified using the phenol–sulphuric acid 121 method (Zhang et al., 1999) and modified Lowry method (Frølund et al., 1995) 122 respectively....
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TL;DR: The enzymatic activity of activated sludge was investigated with special emphasis on the localization of the enzymes in the sludge floc matrix, showing that the exoenzymes should be considered to be an integrated part of the EPS matrix rather than as direct indicators of the microbial activity or biomass.
Abstract: The enzymatic activity of activated sludge was investigated with special emphasis on the localization of the enzymes in the sludge floc matrix. Activated sludge from an advanced activated-sludge treatment plant, performing biological N and P removal, was used. An enzymatic fingerprint was established using a panel of six different enzymes. The fingerprint revealed peptidase as the most dominating specific enzyme tested. By monitoring sludge bulk enzymatic activity over a 3-month period using fluorescein diacetate as an enzyme substrate, considerable variations in activity were observed even over short periods (a few days). The variation in esterase activity was to some extent correlated to the presence of humic compounds in the sludge, but not to the sludge protein content. Comparison of full sludge enzyme activity to the activity of a batch-grown sludge culture indicated that enzymes accumulated in sludge flocs. A large proportion of the exoenzymes were immobilized in the sludge by adsorption in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix. This was demonstrated by extraction of EPS from the activated sludge using cation exchange. Contemporary to the release of EPS a very large fraction of the exoenzymes was released into the water. This showed that the exoenzymes should be considered to be an integrated part of the EPS matrix rather than as direct indicators of the microbial activity or biomass.
1,266 citations
"Fate and impact of organics in an i..." refers methods in this paper
..., 1999) and modified Lowry method (Frølund et al., 1995) 122 respectively....
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...Soluble microbial products 119 (SMP) were extracted according to the method described in Judd (2006) and 120 polysaccharide and protein concentration quantified using the phenol–sulphuric acid 121 method (Zhang et al., 1999) and modified Lowry method (Frølund et al., 1995) 122 respectively....
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