Fate and impact of organics in an immersed membrane bioreactor applied to brine denitrification and ion exchange regeneration.
TL;DR: It was concluded that a denitrification MBR was an appropriate technology for IEX spent brine recovery and reuse and compared to that determined when using freshly produced brine for regeneration.
About: This article is published in Water Research.The article was published on 2010-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 23 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Denitrification & Brine.
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TL;DR: Results from this study demonstrate that dissolved methane recovery could increase net electrical production from low temperature anaerobic processes by ca.
102 citations
20 Oct 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the fundamentals of fouling issues in membrane separations, with specific regard to membrane fouling in Membrane Bioreactors and the most frequently applied preventive-control strategies.
Abstract: Membrane fouling is one of the most important considerations in the design and operation of membrane systems as it affects pretreatment needs, cleaning requirements, operating conditions, cost and performance. Given that membrane fouling represents the main limitation to membrane process operation, it is unsurprising that the majority of membrane material and process research and development conducted is dedicated to its characterization and amelioration. This work presents the fundamentals of fouling issues in membrane separations, with specific regard to membrane fouling in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) and the most frequently applied preventive-control strategies. Feed pretreatment, physical and chemical cleaning protocols, optimal operation of MBR process and membrane surface modification are presented and discussed in detail. Membrane fouling is the major obstacle to the widespread application of the MBR technology and, therefore, fouling preventive-control strategies is a hot issue that strongly concerns not only the scientific community, but industry as well.
97 citations
TL;DR: This work presents a strategy to photocatalytically reduce nitrate in IX brine, thereby extending the use of the brine and investigating the impact of residual FA for brine reuse.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of different types of brine effluents, their sources and characteristics are discussed, as well as impacts of brines on the environment and management options related to their characteristics.
Abstract: Brine discharge is one of the largest sources of wastewater from industrial processes. Because of the environmental impacts arising from improper treatment of brine discharge and more rigorous regulations of pollution control, industries have started to focus on waste minimization and improving the process of wastewater treatment. Several approaches have been proposed to provide a strategy for brine handling by recovering both brine and water or to remove pollutant components so it complies with environmental regulations when discharged. One of the most promising alternatives to brine disposal is reusing the brine, which results in reduction of pollution, minimizing waste volume and salt recovery. The brine may also contain valuable components that could be recovered for profitable use. Also, water recovery from brine effluent is generally performed to save water. In the case of rejected brine from desalination plants, water recovery from higher brine concentrations has huge potential for salt production. This paper gives an overview of different types of brine effluents, their sources and characteristics. Also discussed are impacts of brine on the environment and management options related to their characteristics.
50 citations
TL;DR: This demonstrates that ammonia rich wastewaters can facilitate chemically enhanced CO2 separation which eliminates the need for costly exogenic chemicals or complex chemical handling which are critical barriers to implementation of chemical absorption.
42 citations
Cites methods from "Fate and impact of organics in an i..."
...…of clinoptilolite resin (RS Minerals, Guisborough, UK) and was prepared by passing a 50 gNaCl L -1 (99%, Fisher Chemicals, Loughborough, UK) regenerant through the column at 5 bed volumes per hour (Bv h-1) for 30 minutes followed by a DI rinse at 5 Bv h-1 for 60 minutes (McAdam et al., 2010) (Fig....
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References
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TL;DR: Comparisons of biomass levels, whole-community substrate utilization, and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles indicated there were both geographical and temporal differences among freshly collected activated sludge samples, and marked shifts in the structure ofactivated sludge microbial communities occurred upon continuous cultivation in the laboratory for 5 weeks using a glucose-peptone feed.
84 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, Halomonas campisalis (ATCC #700597) was shown to completely reduce nitrate at 125 g/L NaCl and pH 9. This organism was also used to determine nitrate reduction rates and biomass yields.
Abstract: FRegeneration of ion exchange resins with NaCl produces brine containing high concentrations of nitrate that can be difficult to remove using standard biological, physical, or chemical technologies. In this study, Halomonas campisalis (ATCC #700597) (Mormile et al., 1999) was shown to completely reduce nitrate at 125 g/L NaCl and pH 9. This organism was also used in experiments to determine nitrate- reduction rates and biomass yields. Kinetic parameters were measured separately with glycerol, lactate, acetate, ethanol, and methanol. The specific nitrate-reduction rate coefficient was highest in cultures amended with acetate, while lactate and glycerol (a natural osmoticum in hypersaline environments) had lower reduction rates. No evidence of nitrate reduction was observed when ethanol or methanol was provided as an electron donor. Kinetic modeling provided values for nitrate and nitrite-reduction rate coefficients and for biomass yields. Measured rates and yields were similar to reported parameters obtained from non-halophilic nitrate-reducing cultures under low salt concentrations. Therefore, for highly saline solutions, the use of halophiles to selectively remove nitrate from these brines may represent a viable treatment option. r 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
75 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an argument for the integration of membrane technology in bio-processing complex, highly concentrated brine, evaluates the various process configurations trialled and presents an argument to integrate membrane technology whilst also providing a precis of membrane fouling for this application.
64 citations
"Fate and impact of organics in an i..." refers background in this paper
...Though little information exists on the 56 impact of residual organics on resin capacity, the application of “classical” biomass 57 separation membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology to this duty has been mooted to 58 provide absolute bacterial rejection and high MW biopolymer retention, promoting a 59 consistent permeate quality (McAdam and Judd, 2008)....
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...…organics on resin capacity, the application of “classical” biomass 57 separation membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology to this duty has been mooted to 58 provide absolute bacterial rejection and high MW biopolymer retention, promoting a 59 consistent permeate quality (McAdam and Judd, 2008)....
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TL;DR: Current knowledge on the structure, function and osmo- or salt-regulation of transporters for compatible solutes in extremophiles for salt-tolerant and halophilic organisms is summarized.
Abstract: Salt-tolerant as well as moderately halophilic and halophilic organisms have to maintain their turgor. One strategy is to accumulate small organic compounds, compatible solutes, by de novo synthesis or uptake. From a bioenergetic point of view, uptake is preferred over biosynthesis. The transport systems catalyzing uptake of compatible solutes are of primary or secondary nature and coupled to ATP hydrolysis or ion (H+, Na+) symport. Expression of the transporter genes as well as the activity of the transporters is regulated by salinity/osmolarity and one of the key questions is how salinity or osmolarity is sensed and the signal transmitted as far as to gene expression and transporter activation. Recent studies shed light on the nature and the activation mechanisms of solute transporters in extremophiles, and this review summarizes current knowledge on the structure, function and osmo- or salt-regulation of transporters for compatible solutes in extremophiles.
55 citations
"Fate and impact of organics in an i..." refers background in this paper
...Transition of PLFA 320 profiles at each salt increment indicated reordering of the membrane lipid 321 composition for osmoregulation (Russell, 1989; Pflüger and Muller, 2004) and 322 microbial community restructuring (Forney et al., 2001) as described previously for 323 M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT…...
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TL;DR: An alkaliphilic, halotolerant, Gram-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic and rod-shaped organism was isolated from drying soda and at a water-covered site of Lake Natron, Tanzania, by means of the most-probable-number technique developed for anoxygenic, phototrophic sulfur bacteria.
Abstract: An alkaliphilic, halotolerant, Gram-negative, heterotrophic, aerobic and rod-shaped organism was isolated from drying soda and at a water-covered site of Lake Natron, Tanzania, by means of the most-probable-number technique developed for anoxygenic, phototrophic sulfur bacteria. It had an absolute requirement for alkalinity, but not for salinity; growth occurred at salt concentrations of 0-28% (w/v), with optimal growth at 3-8% (w/v) NaCl. The bacterium preferentially metabolized volatile fatty acids and required vitamins for growth. The name Alcalilimnicola halodurans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for the novel isolate, placed in the gamma-Proteobacteria within the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae on the basis of analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence, polar lipids, fatty acids and DNA base composition. Although Alcalilimnicola halodurans is closely related to the extreme anoxygenic, phototrophic sulfur bacteria of the genus Halorhodospira, it is not phototrophic.
47 citations