Fate and impact of organics in an immersed membrane bioreactor applied to brine denitrification and ion exchange regeneration.
TL;DR: It was concluded that a denitrification MBR was an appropriate technology for IEX spent brine recovery and reuse and compared to that determined when using freshly produced brine for regeneration.
About: This article is published in Water Research.The article was published on 2010-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 23 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Denitrification & Brine.
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TL;DR: Results from this study demonstrate that dissolved methane recovery could increase net electrical production from low temperature anaerobic processes by ca.
102 citations
20 Oct 2014
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the fundamentals of fouling issues in membrane separations, with specific regard to membrane fouling in Membrane Bioreactors and the most frequently applied preventive-control strategies.
Abstract: Membrane fouling is one of the most important considerations in the design and operation of membrane systems as it affects pretreatment needs, cleaning requirements, operating conditions, cost and performance. Given that membrane fouling represents the main limitation to membrane process operation, it is unsurprising that the majority of membrane material and process research and development conducted is dedicated to its characterization and amelioration. This work presents the fundamentals of fouling issues in membrane separations, with specific regard to membrane fouling in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) and the most frequently applied preventive-control strategies. Feed pretreatment, physical and chemical cleaning protocols, optimal operation of MBR process and membrane surface modification are presented and discussed in detail. Membrane fouling is the major obstacle to the widespread application of the MBR technology and, therefore, fouling preventive-control strategies is a hot issue that strongly concerns not only the scientific community, but industry as well.
97 citations
TL;DR: This work presents a strategy to photocatalytically reduce nitrate in IX brine, thereby extending the use of the brine and investigating the impact of residual FA for brine reuse.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of different types of brine effluents, their sources and characteristics are discussed, as well as impacts of brines on the environment and management options related to their characteristics.
Abstract: Brine discharge is one of the largest sources of wastewater from industrial processes. Because of the environmental impacts arising from improper treatment of brine discharge and more rigorous regulations of pollution control, industries have started to focus on waste minimization and improving the process of wastewater treatment. Several approaches have been proposed to provide a strategy for brine handling by recovering both brine and water or to remove pollutant components so it complies with environmental regulations when discharged. One of the most promising alternatives to brine disposal is reusing the brine, which results in reduction of pollution, minimizing waste volume and salt recovery. The brine may also contain valuable components that could be recovered for profitable use. Also, water recovery from brine effluent is generally performed to save water. In the case of rejected brine from desalination plants, water recovery from higher brine concentrations has huge potential for salt production. This paper gives an overview of different types of brine effluents, their sources and characteristics. Also discussed are impacts of brine on the environment and management options related to their characteristics.
50 citations
TL;DR: This demonstrates that ammonia rich wastewaters can facilitate chemically enhanced CO2 separation which eliminates the need for costly exogenic chemicals or complex chemical handling which are critical barriers to implementation of chemical absorption.
42 citations
Cites methods from "Fate and impact of organics in an i..."
...…of clinoptilolite resin (RS Minerals, Guisborough, UK) and was prepared by passing a 50 gNaCl L -1 (99%, Fisher Chemicals, Loughborough, UK) regenerant through the column at 5 bed volumes per hour (Bv h-1) for 30 minutes followed by a DI rinse at 5 Bv h-1 for 60 minutes (McAdam et al., 2010) (Fig....
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References
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TL;DR: The characteristics of bacterial strains isolated from the Denitrification system, where an improvement of denitrification efficiency was observed at a high salinity were investigated.
Abstract: Aims: Denitrification efficiency at 10% salinity was compared with that at 2% salinity. The characteristics of bacterial strains isolated from the denitrification system, where an improvement of denitrification efficiency was observed at a high salinity were investigated.
Methods and Results: Two continuous feeding denitrification systems for saline solutions of 2% and 10% salinity, were operated. Denitrification efficiency at 10% salinity was higher than that at 2% salinity. The bacterial strains were isolated using the trypticase soy agar (TSA) medium at 30°C. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates indicated that halophilic species were predominant at 10% salinity.
Conclusions: The improvement of denitrification efficiency at a high salinity was demonstrated. The strains isolated from the denitrifying system with 10% salinity were halophilic bacteria, Halomonas sp. and Marinobacter sp., suggesting that these bacteria show a high denitrifying activity at 10% salinity.
Significance and Impact of the Study: The long-term acclimated sludge used in this study resulted in high denitrification performance at a high salinity, indicating that the design of a high-performance denitrification system for saline wastewater will be possible.
46 citations
"Fate and impact of organics in an i..." refers background in this paper
...…of the membrane lipid 321 composition for osmoregulation (Russell, 1989; Pflüger and Muller, 2004) and 322 microbial community restructuring (Forney et al., 2001) as described previously for 323 M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED 14 salt upshocking of denitrifying halophiles (Yoshie et al., 2006)....
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...Yoshie et al. (2006) also 157 reported nitrite accumulation in concentrated brines indicating reductase activity 158 maybe very different at high salinity....
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TL;DR: The authors conclude that regeneration of the resin of the ion exchange column at sulfate breakthrough, in combination with a GAC column, will produce a water very low in THM formation potential.
Abstract: This study investigated the control of trihalomethanes (THMs) with ion exchange by comparing the THM formation potentials of the organic fractions in the influent to three column systems. The results showed that the smallest organic fraction, <0.5K apparent molecular weight (AMW), was most reactive with free available chlorine. With the ion exchange system, the 1-5K-, 0.5-1 K-, and <0.5-AMW organic fractions produced the majority of THMs, whereas with the granular activated carbon (GAC) and the combined ion exchange-CAC systems, the <0.5-AMW fraction produced most of the THMs. The authors conclude that regeneration of the resin of the ion exchange column at sulfate breakthrough, in combination with a GAC column, will produce a water very low in THM formation potential.
46 citations
TL;DR: This work studied the regulation of sterol biosynthesis in H. werneckii through the activity and amount of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG R), a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of sterols.
Abstract: Hortaea werneckii is a black yeast recently isolated from salterns in Slovenia. Some of the adaptations of halophilic microorganisms to increased salinity and osmolarity of the environment are alterations in membrane properties. By modulating the fluidity, sterols play an important role as a component of eukaryotic biological membranes. We studied the regulation of sterol biosynthesis in H. werneckii through the activity and amount of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG R), a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of sterols. We found some differences in the characteristics of HMG R and in its regulation by different environmental salinities in H. werneckii when compared to the mesophilic baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results suggest that halophilic black yeast regulates sterol biosynthesis through HMG R in a different way than mesophiles, which might be a consequence of the different ecophysiology of halophilic black yeasts. From this perspective, H. werneckii is an interesting novel model organism for studies on salt stress-responsive proteins as well as on sterol biosynthesis in eukaryotes.
33 citations
"Fate and impact of organics in an i..." refers background in this paper
...Halophilic bacteria 303 possess modified highly negatively charged proteins on the external cell wall to 304 mediate osmotic shifts (Petrovic et al., 1999); the protein release observed may 305 therefore have been an adjustment in cell wall composition (Russell, 1989)....
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TL;DR: The aim of the study is to determine the efficiency of nitrate removal from brines for various initial inoculum concentration and for different dilution ratios.
31 citations
"Fate and impact of organics in an i..." refers background in this paper
...More recently, halophilic monocultures Halomonas denitrificans 42 (Cyplik et al., 2007) and Halomonas campisalis (Peyton et al., 2001) have been 43 successfully adapted at laboratory scale for denitrification at high salt concentrations 44 from 30 to 180 g.l-1, obviating dilution prior to…...
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TL;DR: The haloalkaliphile Halomonas campisalis, isolated near Soap Lake, Washington, was grown under both aerobic and denitrifying conditions, and changes in the phospholipid fatty acid composition were measured with changing salinity.
Abstract: The haloalkaliphile Halomonas campisalis, isolated near Soap Lake, Washington, was grown under both aerobic and denitrifying conditions from 0 to 260 g L(-1) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 20 and 30 g L(-1) NaCl, respectively. Halomonas campisalis was observed to produce high concentrations of compatible solutes, most notably ectoine (up to 500 mM within the cytoplasm), but hydroxyectoine and glycine betaine were also detected. The types and amounts of compatible solutes produced depended on salinity and specific growth rate, as well as on the terminal electron acceptor available (O(2) or NO(3) (-)). A decrease in ectoine production was observed with NO(3) (-) as compared with O(2) as the terminal electron acceptor. In addition, changes in the phospholipid fatty acid composition were measured with changing salinity. An increase in trans fatty acids was observed in the absence of salinity, and may be a response to membrane instability. Cyclic fatty acids were also observed to increase, both in the absence of salinity, and at very high salinities, indicating cell stress at these conditions.
27 citations
"Fate and impact of organics in an i..." refers background in this paper
...313 314 4.2 Microbial community and treatment performance 315 PLFA profiles were dominated by a small range of fatty acids that are common 316 amongst halophiles (Aston and Peyton, 2007; Yakimov et al., 2001)....
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...Similar elution profiles (and the absence of 263 trans-monoenoic fatty acids) were observed previously for a range of moderately and 264 extremely halophilic bacterium (Aston and Peyton, 2007; Yakimov et al., 2001)....
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...Peyton et al. (2001) established that Halomonas 327 campisalis could effectively denitrify at 180 gNaCl.l-1 (Peyton et al., 2001), though 328 the maximum specific growth rate for the monoculture was identified at c.30gNaCl.l-1 329 (Aston and Peyton, 2007)....
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...2 Microbial community and treatment performance 315 PLFA profiles were dominated by a small range of fatty acids that are common 316 amongst halophiles (Aston and Peyton, 2007; Yakimov et al., 2001)....
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