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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Fault Location Estimation Based on Wavelet Analysis of Traveling Waves

TL;DR: In this article, a new traveling wave based algorithm, which does not assume near total reflections at discontinuities, and therefore more accurate over a wide range of variable parameters, is presented.
Abstract: Improved fault location techniques are important particularly in EHV transmission lines and those subject to relatively high incidence of contingency faults over difficult terrain. Traveling wave based single end data techniques generally assume near total reflections at the fault point as well as line terminals. However, in practice effective impedances at the fault point and line terminals may not be significantly lesser than the line surge impedance. With this in view, a new traveling wave based algorithm, which does not assume near total reflections at discontinuities, and therefore more accurate over the wide range of variable parameters, is presented in this paper. Discrete wavelet transform was used to analyze the fault induced traveling waves. MATLAB/Simulink software was used to test and validate the proposed fault location approach. Various fault conditions were simulated by varying fault type, fault resistance, fault location and fault inception time, on a given power system model. The results showed that the proposed method for fault location was able to locate the faults on the transmission line rapidly and correctly.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An integrated framework combining fault classification and location is proposed by applying an innovative machine-learning algorithm: the summation-wavelet extreme learning machine (SW-ELM) that integrates feature extraction in the learning process and is successfully applied to transmission line fault diagnosis.
Abstract: Accurate and timely diagnosis of transmission line faults is key for reliable operations of power systems. Existing fault-diagnosis methods rely on expert knowledge or extensive feature extraction, which is also highly dependent on expert knowledge. Additionally, most methods for fault diagnosis of transmission lines require multiple separate subalgorithms for fault classification and location performing each function independently and sequentially. In this research, an integrated framework combining fault classification and location is proposed by applying an innovative machine-learning algorithm: the summation-wavelet extreme learning machine (SW-ELM) that integrates feature extraction in the learning process. As a further contribution, an extension of the SW-ELM, i.e., the summation-Gaussian extreme learning machine (SG-ELM), is proposed and successfully applied to transmission line fault diagnosis. SG-ELM is fully self-learning and does not require ad-hoc feature extraction, making it deployable with minimum expert subjectivity. The developed framework is applied to three transmission-line topologies without any prior parameter tuning or ad-hoc feature extraction. Evaluations on a simulated dataset show that the proposed method can diagnose faults within a single cycle, remain immune to fault resistance and inception angle variation, and deliver high accuracy for both tasks of fault diagnosis: fault type classification and fault location estimation.

168 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: The proposed traveling wave based method for faulted lateral identification and fault location in a multilateral distribution network using wavelet transform technique overcomes the problem faced by impedance methods.
Abstract: This paper proposes a traveling wave based method for faulted lateral identification and fault location in a multilateral distribution network using wavelet transform technique. The proposed method at first identifies the faulted line segment, and then the exact fault location alongside the faulted line segment is calculated. Fault classification is done by looking at the ground mode component because the ground mode signal exists only in case of a grounded fault. The aerial mode component of the current signal is used for faulted lateral identification and fault location in all fault type case. The simulation result shows that the technique presented here overcomes the problem faced by impedance methods. The performance of the method is tested in MATLAB/SIMULINK.

16 citations


Cites background from "Fault Location Estimation Based on ..."

  • ...According to reference [14], the wave impedance of the ground mode component is large, so the propagation speed of the ground mode is smaller than the aerial mode propagation speed....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used wavelet analysis for fault detection on power lines without using the velocity of propagation, which can be further used for the travelling wave protection on power systems to provide fast and accurate fault clearance.
Abstract: Detection and location of faults on power systems have great importance in term of being able to clear faults in a short time and provide more available service to customers. Since sensitive determination of fault location is necessary, it is required to measure the arrival time of the travelling waves accurately and to use corresponding propagation velocity of the cable. However, when a fault location scheme is utilized for this purpose, which uses the velocity of the propagation as a parameter during analysis, changing parameters of the cable over its age, such as relative permittivity, introduce large errors in determination of the fault locations. On the other hand, hybrid systems including cable and overhead lines makes the detection of fault location more difficult. Therefore, in order to have precise fault localization, the successful analysis should not use the velocity of propagation especially for the aged cables. This paper describes the use of wavelet analysis for identifying fault location on power lines without using the velocity of propagation. Extensive simulation work has been done in order to check the effectiveness of the proposed scheme based on wavelet analysis. Different fault scenarios have been utilized on a given power system model. The obtained results indicate that the proposed scheme is effective and able to locate the points of faults with reasonable accuracy. This scheme can also be further used for the travelling wave protection on power systems to provide fast and accurate fault clearance.

12 citations


Cites methods from "Fault Location Estimation Based on ..."

  • ...Study [6] is an application of wavelet modulus where wavelet modulus maxima of modal signal was used to distinguish of faulted line section....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented an improved algorithm for transmission line fault classification by using wavelet analysis which is a mathematical tool for signal analysis is used to detect and classify the type of fault occurring on the transmission line.
Abstract: Now a days the demand of electrical energy continuously increasing day by day, to fulfill this demand the electrical power network becomes complicated. Wavelet analysis which is a mathematical tool for signal analysis is used to detect and classify the type of fault occurring on the transmission line. This paper presents an improved algorithm for transmission line fault classification by using wavelet. Use of Impedance measurement technique and travelling wave theory is adopted here for the location of fault. Discrete wavelet transform of current signals is utilized for fault classification. MATLAB/Simulation is used to generate fault signals. Simulation results reveal that the performance of the proposed fault detection indicator is promising and easy to implement for computer relaying application.

10 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, a wavelet analysis was used for fault detection and location without using the velocity of propagation and utilizing only one end recording. But, in order to have accurate fault localization, the successful analysis should not use the propagation in computer-based relaying.
Abstract: Power system performance is affected by transient phenomena such as different faults on power cables and transmission lines. Detection/location of the faults has great importance in order to be able to clear the fault as soon as possible and provide more reliable service to power customers. When a fault location scheme is utilized for this purpose, which uses the velocity of the propagation as a parameter during analysis, changing parameters of the transmission medium introduces large errors in determination of fault locations. The reason for the introduced error is that the travelling distance is calculated by using the travelling time and the velocity of the propagation. However, in order to have accurate fault localization, the successful analysis should not use the velocity of propagation in computer based relaying. Another important thing is that single end measurement has advantages over double end measurements. In this context, a new scheme has been developed which describes the use of wavelet analysis for identification and location of line faults without using the velocity of propagation and utilizing only one end recording. Extensive simulation work has been performed in order to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme based on wavelet analysis. The obtained results indicate that the proposed scheme is effective and able to locate the points of faults with reasonable accuracy. This scheme can also be further used for the travelling wave protection on power cables for the fast and accurate fault clearance.

10 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the wavelet transform is used to analyze power system transient waveforms, as an alternative to the traditional Fourier transform, and the focus of the tutorials is to present concepts of wavelet analysis and to demonstrate the application of the WT to a variety of transient signals encountered in electrical power systems.
Abstract: This tutorial gives an introduction to the field of the wavelet transform. It is the first of two tutorials which are intended for engineers applying or considering to apply WTs to power systems. They show how the WT-a powerful new mathematical tool-can be employed as a fast and very effective means of analysing power system transient waveforms, as an alternative to the traditional Fourier transform. The focus of the tutorials is to present concepts of wavelet analysis and to demonstrate the application of the WT to a variety of transient signals encountered in electrical power systems.

205 citations


"Fault Location Estimation Based on ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...It has been widely applied for the study of protective relaying of power systems, including high impedance fault detection, faulted phase identification, traveling wave fault location and transformer protection [14]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-terminal impedance-based fault-location algorithm is presented, which takes into account the distributed parameter line model and utilizes unsynchronized measurements of voltages and currents from two ends of a line and is formulated in terms of the fundamental frequency phasors of symmetrical components of the measured signals.
Abstract: This paper presents a new two-terminal impedance-based fault-location algorithm, which takes into account the distributed parameter line model. The algorithm utilizes unsynchronized measurements of voltages and currents from two ends of a line and is formulated in terms of the fundamental frequency phasors of symmetrical components of the measured signals. First, an analytical synchronization of the unsynchronized measurements is performed with use of the determined synchronization operator. Then, the distance to fault is calculated as for the synchronized measurements. Simultaneous usage of two kinds of symmetrical components for determining the synchronization operator makes that the calculations are simple, noniterative, and at the same time highly accurate. The developed fault-location algorithm has been thoroughly tested using signals of Alternate Transients Program-Electromagnetic Transients Program versatile simulations of faults on a transmission line. The presented evaluation shows the validity of the developed fault-location algorithm and its high accuracy.

121 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
23 Jun 2003
TL;DR: In this paper, a single end fault location method for distribution systems, based on the traveling waves theory, is presented, which operates on the incident transient currents traveling from the fault point and measured at the substation.
Abstract: A single end fault location method for distribution systems, based on the traveling waves theory, is presented. The proposed scheme operates on the incident transient currents traveling from the fault point and measured at the substation. A cross-correlation function is used to identify the transient traveling waves. The voltages are estimates by using the transmission line modeling method while the distance to the fault is computed using the cross-correlation function. Although the complexity introduced by the many discontinuities created by the subfeeders in the system is considered, the results of several simulations and a field trial on a 23.8 kV system demonstrate the viability of this technique for distribution systems.

90 citations


"Fault Location Estimation Based on ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...These algorithms may be broadly classified as (i) those extracting fundamental frequency current and voltage phasors to compute fault location [2] (ii) those using differential equations of transmission line and estimating line parameters [3] (iii) those based on traveling wave (TW) theory [5-13]....

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  • ...Standard traveling wave techniques developed for EHV transmission systems were applied to distribution systems using cross-correlation technique to locate fault [6]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results show the feasibility to implement this algorithm for transmission-line ultra-high speed protection and the algorithm was proven using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations in a three-phase 400-kV power system considering critical fault cases.
Abstract: This paper describe a new ultra-high speed protection algorithm for traveling-wave distance protection for transmission lines, based on pattern recognition of the first wavefront that arrives at the relay location due to fault. The algorithm uses principal component analysis (PCA) to preprocess data from the power system in order to eliminate redundant information and enhance hidden patterns in the traveling waves for internal and external faults. The algorithm was proven using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations in a three-phase 400-kV power system considering critical fault cases. The results show the feasibility to implement this algorithm for transmission-line ultra-high speed protection

61 citations


"Fault Location Estimation Based on ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...These algorithms may be broadly classified as (i) those extracting fundamental frequency current and voltage phasors to compute fault location [2] (ii) those using differential equations of transmission line and estimating line parameters [3] (iii) those based on traveling wave (TW) theory [5-13]....

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  • ...The algorithm was proposed in [9] for traveling-wave distance protection for transmission lines, based on pattern recognition of the first wave front due to fault that arrives at the relay location using principal component analysis....

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Proceedings ArticleDOI
18 Aug 1998
TL;DR: In this article, a fault location principle based on the double terminal methods of travelling waves using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is proposed, where the arrival time is defined by a characteristic point of the travelling wave extracted by a suitable continuous wavelets with the optimal dilation parameters, and the propagation velocity depends on the physical configuration of a transmission line and the optimal Dilation parameters.
Abstract: This paper presents a new fault location principle based on the double terminal methods of travelling waves using continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Due to the attenuation and distortion of travelling wave propagation in a transmission line, a open problem is how to define the arrival time and the propagation velocity of the travelling wave correctly. Since CWT has much better resolution for locating a transient event in time-domain, the arrival time can be defined by a characteristic point of the travelling wave extracted by a suitable continuous wavelet with the optimal dilation parameters, and the propagation velocity depends on the physical configuration of a transmission line and the optimal dilation parameters. Extensive simulation results show that the new method has a location accuracy within /spl plusmn/ one tower span in the case of various grounding resistances, different fault positions and different line configurations.

38 citations


"Fault Location Estimation Based on ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Fault location scheme using data from both the terminals and applying continuous wavelet transform was presented in [7]....

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  • ...These algorithms may be broadly classified as (i) those extracting fundamental frequency current and voltage phasors to compute fault location [2] (ii) those using differential equations of transmission line and estimating line parameters [3] (iii) those based on traveling wave (TW) theory [5-13]....

    [...]