Feasibility study on automated recognition of allergenic pollen: grass, birch and mugwort
TL;DR: A feasibility study on the automated recognition of the allergenic relevant pollen, grass, birch, and mugwort, by utilizing digital image analysis and pattern recognition tools found 97.2% were recognized correctly.
Abstract: Quantification of airborne pollen is an important tool in scientific research and patient care in allergy. The currently available method relies on microscopic examination of pollen slides, performed by qualified researchers. Although highly reliable, the method is labor intensive and requires extensive training of the researchers involved. In an approach to develop alternative detection methods, we performed a feasibility study on the automated recognition of the allergenic relevant pollen, grass, birch, and mugwort, by utilizing digital image analysis and pattern recognition tools. Of a total of 254 pollen samples (including 79 of grass, 79 of birch and 96 of mugwort), 97.2% were recognized correctly. This encouraging result provides a promising prospect for future developments.
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TL;DR: The potential of the low-cost, automatic, trainable system for the location, recognition and counting of pollen on standard glass microscope slides, designed to dramatically reduce the time that the palynologist must spend at the microscope, is demonstrated, thus considerably increasing productivity in the pollen lab.
85 citations
Cites background or methods from "Feasibility study on automated reco..."
...…typically been aimed at one particular branch of pollen analysis, including allergy research and aeropalynology (e.g., De Sa-Otero et al., 2004; Chun et al., 2006; Miyamoto and Hoshimiya, 2006; Ranzato et al., 2007; Landsmeer et al., 2009), and plant reproductive biology (e.g., Costa and Yang,…...
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...…the detection of pollen objects on a slide (e.g., Miyamoto and Hoshimiya, 2006; Landsmeer et al., 2009), or identification/classification of images of objects pre-determined to be pollen already captured from slides using image processing techniques (e.g., Chun et al., 2006; Costa and Yang, 2009)....
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...The intended applications of each of these individual systems have typically been aimed at one particular branch of pollen analysis, including allergy research and aeropalynology (e.g., De Sa-Otero et al., 2004; Chun et al., 2006; Miyamoto and Hoshimiya, 2006; Ranzato et al., 2007; Landsmeer et al., 2009), and plant reproductive biology (e....
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TL;DR: This paper provides the first review in over 15 yr of progress towards automation of the part of palynology concerned with counting and classifying pollen, bringing together literature published from a wide spectrum of sources.
Abstract: Summary
Pollen grains are microscopic so their identification and quantification has, for decades, depended upon human observers using light microscopes: a labour-intensive approach. Modern improvements in computing and imaging hardware and software now bring automation of pollen analyses within reach. In this paper, we provide the first review in over 15 yr of progress towards automation of the part of palynology concerned with counting and classifying pollen, bringing together literature published from a wide spectrum of sources. We consider which attempts offer the most potential for an automated palynology system for universal application across all fields of research concerned with pollen classification and counting. We discuss what is required to make the datasets of these automated systems as acceptable as those produced by human palynologists, and present suggestions for how automation will generate novel approaches to counting and classifying pollen that have hitherto been unthinkable.
71 citations
TL;DR: An exhaustive assessment on the utility of texture analysis for automated characterisation of pollen samples reveals that LGF and DTM, which are based on the spectral properties of the image, outperformed GLCM and LBP in the proposed classification problem.
71 citations
Central Institution for Meteorology and Geodynamics1, Autonomous University of Barcelona2, Technische Universität München3, Uludağ University4, University of Córdoba (Spain)5, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań6, University of Ioannina7, University of Vienna8, University of Worcester9, University of Novi Sad10, Leiden University11
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the development of phenological networks, remote sensing of the season cycle of the vegetation, the emergence of the science of aerobiology and, more specifically, aeropalynology, pollen sampling instruments, pollen counting techniques, applications of aerophysics in agriculture and the European Pollen Information System.
Abstract: The section about monitoring covers the development of phenological networks, remote sensing of the season cycle of the vegetation, the emergence of the science of aerobiology and, more specifically, aeropalynology, pollen sampling instruments, pollen counting techniques, applications of aeropalynology in agriculture and the European Pollen Information System. Three data sources are directly related with aeropalynology: phenological observations, pollen counts and remote sensing of the vegetation activity. The main future challenge is the assimilation of these data streams into numerical pollen forecast systems. Over the last decades consistent monitoring efforts of various national networks have created a wealth of pollen concentration time series. These constitute a nearly untouched treasure, which is still to be exploited to investigate questions concerning pollen emission, transport and deposition. New monitoring methods allow measuring the allergen content in pollen. Results from research on the allergen content in pollen are expected to increase the quality of the operational pollen forecasts.
67 citations
TL;DR: A device and algorithm to automatically monitor airborne pollen by using basic laser optics technology that provides detailed temporal variation in the pollen concentration and the overall features of seasonal changes in the total airborne pollen concentration are estimated.
Abstract: The development of a simple and automatic pollen measurement methodology is required to manage allergic problems caused by airborne pollen. We developed a device and algorithm to automatically monitor airborne pollen by using basic laser optics technology. The device measures the sideward and forward scattering intensities of laser light from each particle. Because this device provides detailed temporal variation in the pollen concentration, the dispersal dynamics of airborne pollen can be effectively analyzed. We compared the pollen counts obtained with the automated method and standard Hirst-type method. Scatter-plot graphs were constructed of the forward and sideward scattering intensities of the observed particles. An extract window methodology was used to estimate the concentrations of the major allergenic pollens. The extract window parameters were obtained for major types of allergenic pollen. The results suggest the possibility of developing a device for monitoring several types of airborne pollen simultaneously. We determined the standard extract window to be used for estimating the concentration of all types of airborne pollen together. A field experiment was performed to evaluate the automated monitoring system with the standard extract window. The estimated temporal variation pattern of the total airborne pollen concentration agreed well with the observed temporal variation pattern for the whole pollen season. The pollen monitor was able to estimate the overall features of seasonal changes in the total airborne pollen concentration.
54 citations
Additional excerpts
...Chen et al. (2006) focused on an automatic pollen categorization device that uses image processing of pollen grains for automated pollen identification....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, a generalized form of the cross-validation criterion is applied to the choice and assessment of prediction using the data-analytic concept of a prescription, and examples used to illustrate the application are drawn from the problem areas of univariate estimation, linear regression and analysis of variance.
Abstract: SUMMARY A generalized form of the cross-validation criterion is applied to the choice and assessment of prediction using the data-analytic concept of a prescription. The examples used to illustrate the application are drawn from the problem areas of univariate estimation, linear regression and analysis of variance.
7,385 citations
Additional excerpts
...Subsequently, the average error of these five classification results is calculated (Lachenbruch & Mickey, 1968; Stone, 1974)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the primary goal of pattern recognition is supervised or unsupervised classification, and the various frameworks in which pattern recognition has been traditionally formulated, the statistical approach has been used.
Abstract: The primary goal of pattern recognition is supervised or unsupervised classification. Among the various frameworks in which pattern recognition has been traditionally formulated, the statistical ap...
4,307 citations
Book•
27 Mar 1992
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a systematic account of the subject area, concentrating on the most recent advances in the field and discuss theoretical and practical issues in statistical image analysis, including regularized discriminant analysis and bootstrap-based assessment of the performance of a sample-based discriminant rule.
Abstract: Provides a systematic account of the subject area, concentrating on the most recent advances in the field. While the focus is on practical considerations, both theoretical and practical issues are explored. Among the advances covered are: regularized discriminant analysis and bootstrap-based assessment of the performance of a sample-based discriminant rule and extensions of discriminant analysis motivated by problems in statistical image analysis. Includes over 1,200 references in the bibliography.
2,999 citations
01 Aug 1988-Graphical Models \/graphical Models and Image Processing \/computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
TL;DR: This survey will provide a useful guide to quickly acquaint researchers with the main literature in this research area and it seems likely that the Hough transform will be an increasingly used technique.
Abstract: We present a comprehensive review of the Hough transform, HT, in image processing and computer vision. It has long been recognized as a technique of almost unique promise for shape and motion analysis in images containing noisy, missing, and extraneous data but its adoption has been slow due to its computational and storage complexity and the lack of a detailed understanding of its properties. However, in recent years much progress has been made in these areas. In this review we discuss ideas for the efficient implementation of the HT and present results on the analytic and empirical performance of various methods. We also report the relationship of Hough methods and other transforms and consider applications in which the HT has been used. It seems likely that the HT will be an increasingly used technique and we hope that this survey will provide a useful guide to quickly acquaint researchers with the main literature in this research area.
2,099 citations
"Feasibility study on automated reco..." refers background in this paper
...2.3.3.1 Circular pore detector Since pores inside the boundary of grass and birch pollen have a circular appearance, these pores can be detected with the Hough transformation, based on gradient direction with a range of radii (Costa & Cesar, 2001b; Hough, 1962; Illingworth & Kittler, 1988)....
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TL;DR: Introduction to statistical pattern recognition and nonlinear discriminant analysis - statistical methods.
Abstract: Introduction to statistical pattern recognition * Estimation * Density estimation * Linear discriminant analysis * Nonlinear discriminant analysis - neural networks * Nonlinear discriminant analysis - statistical methods * Classification trees * Feature selection and extraction * Clustering * Additional topics * Measures of dissimilarity * Parameter estimation * Linear algebra * Data * Probability theory.
2,082 citations