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Journal ArticleDOI

Fermentative production and kinetics of cellulase protein on Trichoderma reesei using sugarcane bagasse and rice straw

01 Jan 2006-African Journal of Biotechnology (Academic Journals (Kenya))-Vol. 5, Iss: 20
TL;DR: This is the first attempt of combining the synthetic substrate (xylose, lactose) with natural substrate (sugarcane bagasse, rice straw) and the mixture of substrates produced the highest maximal enzyme activity on cellulose with xylose.
Abstract: Cellulase a multienzyme made up of several proteins finds extensive applications in food, fermentation and textile industries. Trichoderma reesei is an efficient producer of cellulase protein. The comparative study was made on various carbon sources on the production of cellulase using strains of T. reesei QM 9414, 97.177 and Tm3. Pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse and rice straw offers very digestible cellulose and potentially less inhibition. Cellulase production was enhanced by multiple carbon sources because of diauxic pattern of utilization of substrates. This is the first attempt of combining the synthetic substrate (xylose, lactose) with natural substrate (sugarcane bagasse, rice straw). The mixture of substrates produced the highest maximal enzyme activity on cellulose with xylose, cellulose with lactose, bagasse with xylose, bagasse with lactose, rice straw with xylose and rice straw with lactose. In addition Monod growth kinetics and Leudeking piret product formation kinetics were studied using T. reesei with optimized medium under optimized conditions of inoculum concentration, D.O. level, agitator speed, temperature and pH.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study presents optimization of various lignocellulosics and alkali pretreatment for maximum cellulase production by Trichoderma virdii sp.
Abstract: This study presents optimization of various lignocellulosics and alkali pretreatment for maximum cellulase production by Trichoderma virdii sp. Maximum endoglucanase (642 IU/L) and exoglucanase (187IU/L) activity was achieved with maize straw at 5% concentration. Oat hay was the most suitable agro-waste for β - glucosidase (7100 IUL -1 ) production followed by maize straw (6500 IUL -1 ). Maize straw was chosen in an effort to enhance cellulase production with 0.1 N NaOH, 0.5 N NaOH and I.0 N NaOH pretreatment. 0.1 N NaOH produced desirable results showing 2.5, 1.6, and 1.7 fold increase in endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase activity. This 0.1 N pretreated straw produced reducing sugars 3.5 times more than untreated straw. Keywords: Lignocellulosics, maize straw, cellulase production, Trichoderma virdii , alkali pretreatment African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(31) 3426-3432

2 citations


Cites background from "Fermentative production and kinetic..."

  • ...A number of reports are available for the use of lignocellulosics by Trichoderma spp. (Muthuvelayudham and Viruthagir, 2006; Kubicek et al., 2009)....

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01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, physicochemical factors affecting the production of exoglucanase were studied in a shake flask to obtain the optimum parameters for enzyme production in a 7 liter fermentor using an initial cellulose concentration corresponding to 10g/l.
Abstract: Cellulases find extensive applications in food, fermentation, textile industries and the hydrolysis of cellulosic wastes to useable carbon source for most of the microbes in food, fuel and chemical production. Trichoderma reesei is an efficient producer of exoglucanase enzyme. Physiological factors affecting the production of enzyme were studied in shake flask to obtain the optimum parameters for enzyme production. Batch fermentations were performed in 7 liter fermentor using an initial cellulose concentration corresponding to 10g/l. Results obtained indicate that adjusting the fermentation process at a pH range of 4-5 and agitation speed to 350 rpm resulted to an increase in enzyme activity about 15 folds and 1.8 fold respectively. In addition Monod growth kinetics and Leudeking Piret product formation kinetics were studied using Trichoderma reesei with best medium under optimized conditions of inoculum concentration, agitator speed, temperature and pH value.

2 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study reveals that the biomass from P. hysterophorus can be utilized for cellulase production, and this can be an effective approach for the valorization of this weed’s biomass.
Abstract: The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of P. hysterophorus weed biomass valorization through its utilization in the production of cellulase enzyme. The work involved bio-prospecting of fungal microbes and selecting the most potent fungal isolate for its cellulolytic potential. Thereafter, endoglucanase production by the fungal isolate was enhanced by utilizing P. hysterophorus biomass as a substrate. The optimization study involved the production of the enzyme under both stationary as well as shaking conditions. A scale-up for the enzyme production was also carried out under batch mode of fermentation in Erlenmeyer flasks as well as in a 2 l-bioreactor. Penicillium citrinum NAF5, isolated from garden soil, was found as a potent cellulase producer. Under optimized conditions, P. citrinum NAF5 produced 4.224 ± 0.035 U/ml and 3.13 ± 0.026 U/ml endoglucanase in the stationary and shaking conditions of fermentation respectively, in the presence of steam pretreated P. hysterophorus biomass as the substrate. Scale-up in the flasks resulted in 3.86% and 12.11% increase in enzyme production under stationary and shaking conditions respectively; while 24.12% enhancement in enzyme production was achieved in a 2 l fermenter. The study reveals that the biomass from P. hysterophorus can be utilized for cellulase production, and this can be an effective approach for the valorization of this weed’s biomass. Also, cellulase production by P. citrinum NAF5 fungus is appreciable and holds potential for utilization in various applications.

2 citations

Dissertation
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method to solve the problem of "uniformity" and "uncertainty" in the context of online learning, i.e.,
Abstract: 149

1 citations


Cites background from "Fermentative production and kinetic..."

  • ...The mixture of substrates produced the highest maximal enzyme activity on cellulose with xylose, cellulose with lactose, bagasse with xylose, bagasse with lactose, rice straw with xylose and rice straw with lactose ( Muthuvelayudham and Viruthagiri, 2006) ....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The conversion of both cellulose and hemicellulose for the production of fuel ethanol is being studied intensively, with a view to developing a technically and economically viable bioprocess.

492 citations


"Fermentative production and kinetic..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…growth rate (day)-1; µ, specific growth rate (day)–1; Ks, Monod constant; P, product concentration (g/l); α and β, Leudeking Piret constants; and X, substrate concentration (g/l). a number of applications including animal feed, pharmaceutical and textile industries (Aristidou and Penttilä, 2000)....

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  • ...a number of applications including animal feed, pharmaceutical and textile industries (Aristidou and Penttilä, 2000)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: RNA slot blot experiments showed that no expression could be observed on glucose-containing medium and that high glucose levels abolish the inducing effect of sophorose, showing that distinct and clear-cut mechanisms of induction and glucose repression regulate cellulase expression in an actively growing fungus.
Abstract: Basic features of regulation of expression of the genes encoding the cellulases of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei QM9414, the genes cbh1 and cbh2 encoding cellobiohydrolases and the genes egl1, egl2 and egl5 encoding endoglucanases, were studied at the mRNA level. The cellulase genes were coordinately expressed under all conditions studied, with the steady-state mRNA levels of cbh1 being the highest. Solka floc cellulose and the disaccharide sophorose induced expression to almost the same level. Moderate expression was observed when cellobiose or lactose was used as the carbon source. It was found that glycerol and sorbitol do not promote expression but, unlike glucose, do not inhibit it either, because the addition of 1 to 2 mM sophorose to glycerol or sorbitol cultures provokes high cellulase expression levels. These carbon sources thus provide a useful means to study cellulase regulation without significantly affecting the growth of the fungus. RNA slot blot experiments showed that no expression could be observed on glucose-containing medium and that high glucose levels abolish the inducing effect of sophorose. The results clearly show that distinct and clear-cut mechanisms of induction and glucose repression regulate cellulase expression in an actively growing fungus. However, derepression of cellulase expression occurs without apparent addition of an inducer once glucose has been depleted from the medium. This expression seems not to arise simply from starvation, since the lack of carbon or nitrogen as such is not sufficient to trigger significant expression.

483 citations


"Fermentative production and kinetic..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Hypercelluloytic mutant strains secrete large amounts of cellulases (Ilmen et al., 1997)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This mini-review summarises the considerable amount of data accumulated over the past three decades regarding promoters of genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes, inducer molecules, and models for the recognition of the insoluble substrates cellulose and xylan.
Abstract: The genus Trichoderma comprises a group of filamentous ascomycetes that are now widely used in industrial applications because of their ability to produce extracellular hydrolases in large amounts. In addition, strong inducible promoters together with high secretory capacity have made Trichoderma an attractive host for heterologous protein production. Several promoters of genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes have been investigated in detail regarding their cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. Potent inducer molecules, for both xylanolytic and cellulolytic enzyme systems, have been identified and characterized. Furthermore, models for the recognition of the insoluble substrates cellulose and xylan have been developed based on a large set of experiments. This mini-review summarises the considerable amount of data accumulated over the past three decades.

207 citations


"Fermentative production and kinetic..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The genus Trichoderma, filamentous ascomycetes are widely used in industrial applications because of high secretory capacity and inducible promoting characteristics (Mach and Zeilinger, 2003)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The growth and enzyme production by Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 using different lignocellulosic materials as carbon source were investigated and it was found that endoglucanase and endoxylanse activities were produced throughout the cultivations, whereas α-arabinosidase was induced late during the cultivation.

157 citations


"Fermentative production and kinetic..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Biosynthesis of cellulase was also made on lignocellulo-sic materials such as sugar beet pulp and alkaline extracted sugar beet pulp and cellulose (Olsson et al., 2003)....

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  • ...The general trend is that more cellulose in the mixture results in higher levels of endoglucanase (Olsson et al., 2003)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The filamentous fungus Penicillium brasilianum IBT 20888 was cultivated on a mixture of 30 g l−1 cellulose and 10 g xylan for 111 h and the resulting culture filtrate was used for protein purification and revealed similarity in molecular mass, pI and hydrolytic properties suggested that these two enzymes were identical, but the smaller was lacking the cellulose-binding domain or an essential part of it.

134 citations