Fermentative production and kinetics of cellulase protein on Trichoderma reesei using sugarcane bagasse and rice straw
TL;DR: This is the first attempt of combining the synthetic substrate (xylose, lactose) with natural substrate (sugarcane bagasse, rice straw) and the mixture of substrates produced the highest maximal enzyme activity on cellulose with xylose.
Abstract: Cellulase a multienzyme made up of several proteins finds extensive applications in food, fermentation and textile industries. Trichoderma reesei is an efficient producer of cellulase protein. The comparative study was made on various carbon sources on the production of cellulase using strains of T. reesei QM 9414, 97.177 and Tm3. Pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse and rice straw offers very digestible cellulose and potentially less inhibition. Cellulase production was enhanced by multiple carbon sources because of diauxic pattern of utilization of substrates. This is the first attempt of combining the synthetic substrate (xylose, lactose) with natural substrate (sugarcane bagasse, rice straw). The mixture of substrates produced the highest maximal enzyme activity on cellulose with xylose, cellulose with lactose, bagasse with xylose, bagasse with lactose, rice straw with xylose and rice straw with lactose. In addition Monod growth kinetics and Leudeking piret product formation kinetics were studied using T. reesei with optimized medium under optimized conditions of inoculum concentration, D.O. level, agitator speed, temperature and pH.
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TL;DR: Physiological studies were conducted to determine the optimum cultural conditions for maximal carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) formation by Aspergillus terreus DSM 826 and shaking condition at 150 rpm is favorable for the production of CMCase from rice straw and sugar cane bagasse.
27 citations
Cites background from "Fermentative production and kinetic..."
...(18), Muthuvelayudham and Viruthagiri (32) and Kansoh et al....
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...Several studies on physiological aspects of CMCase production were carried out using submerged culture among them are Chang et al. (4), Ikram-ul-Hag et al. (18), Muthuvelayudham and Viruthagiri (32) and Kansoh et al. (19)....
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TL;DR: It was found that when sugarcane bagasse was supplemented with different carbon sources, the results showed that lactose, xylose, maltose and sucrose favored endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase production, whereas cellobiose and fructose inhibit enzyme production.
24 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Comparison of cellulase activities using soluble and insoluble cellulosic carbon sources in the growth media in order to obtain less expensive fermentation media will be helpful in the development of low cost system for production of cellulose.
Abstract: Production of easily fermentable low-cost sugars demands for an economic and less expensive method of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass. It is highly desirable to compare various fermentation media with different carbon sources for cellulase production. Trichoderma harzianum was grown on different carbon sources and monitored for cellulase production. Glucose-grown cultures of T. harzianum showed high amount of mycelial growth but no yield of cellulase enzyme. Cellulase expression was also studied herein by comparing the cellulase activities using soluble and insoluble cellulosic carbon sources in the growth media in order to obtain less expensive fermentation media. Outcome of the research will be helpful in the development of low cost system for production of cellulose.
22 citations
TL;DR: The enzymatic degradation of cellulose waste has been suggested as a feasible alternative for the conversion of lignocelluloses substrate into fermentable sugars and application for biofuel production.
Abstract: Cellulose, a major polysaccharide found in agricultural residues and industrial and municipal wastes. In the present study thermophilic cellulolytic microorganisms were isolated. The isolates were tested for their cellulytic activity. The enzyme production from potent isolates was optimised using cellulose basal broth medium. Activity of partially purified enzyme was determined. The most potent thermophilic cellulolytic isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis. The crude cellulase enzyme concentrated at 80-85% ammonium sulfate produced highest zone of hydrolysis. The enzymatic degradation of cellulose waste has been suggested as a feasible alternative for the conversion of lignocelluloses substrate into fermentable sugars and application for biofuel production.
22 citations
Cites background from "Fermentative production and kinetic..."
...Enzymatic hydrolysis is an economic process in the conversion of cellulose to easily fermentable low cost sugars (Muthuvelayudham and Viruthagiri, 2006)....
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References
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TL;DR: The conversion of both cellulose and hemicellulose for the production of fuel ethanol is being studied intensively, with a view to developing a technically and economically viable bioprocess.
492 citations
"Fermentative production and kinetic..." refers background in this paper
...…growth rate (day)-1; µ, specific growth rate (day)–1; Ks, Monod constant; P, product concentration (g/l); α and β, Leudeking Piret constants; and X, substrate concentration (g/l). a number of applications including animal feed, pharmaceutical and textile industries (Aristidou and Penttilä, 2000)....
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...a number of applications including animal feed, pharmaceutical and textile industries (Aristidou and Penttilä, 2000)....
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TL;DR: RNA slot blot experiments showed that no expression could be observed on glucose-containing medium and that high glucose levels abolish the inducing effect of sophorose, showing that distinct and clear-cut mechanisms of induction and glucose repression regulate cellulase expression in an actively growing fungus.
Abstract: Basic features of regulation of expression of the genes encoding the cellulases of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei QM9414, the genes cbh1 and cbh2 encoding cellobiohydrolases and the genes egl1, egl2 and egl5 encoding endoglucanases, were studied at the mRNA level. The cellulase genes were coordinately expressed under all conditions studied, with the steady-state mRNA levels of cbh1 being the highest. Solka floc cellulose and the disaccharide sophorose induced expression to almost the same level. Moderate expression was observed when cellobiose or lactose was used as the carbon source. It was found that glycerol and sorbitol do not promote expression but, unlike glucose, do not inhibit it either, because the addition of 1 to 2 mM sophorose to glycerol or sorbitol cultures provokes high cellulase expression levels. These carbon sources thus provide a useful means to study cellulase regulation without significantly affecting the growth of the fungus. RNA slot blot experiments showed that no expression could be observed on glucose-containing medium and that high glucose levels abolish the inducing effect of sophorose. The results clearly show that distinct and clear-cut mechanisms of induction and glucose repression regulate cellulase expression in an actively growing fungus. However, derepression of cellulase expression occurs without apparent addition of an inducer once glucose has been depleted from the medium. This expression seems not to arise simply from starvation, since the lack of carbon or nitrogen as such is not sufficient to trigger significant expression.
483 citations
"Fermentative production and kinetic..." refers background in this paper
...Hypercelluloytic mutant strains secrete large amounts of cellulases (Ilmen et al., 1997)....
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TL;DR: This mini-review summarises the considerable amount of data accumulated over the past three decades regarding promoters of genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes, inducer molecules, and models for the recognition of the insoluble substrates cellulose and xylan.
Abstract: The genus Trichoderma comprises a group of filamentous ascomycetes that are now widely used in industrial applications because of their ability to produce extracellular hydrolases in large amounts. In addition, strong inducible promoters together with high secretory capacity have made Trichoderma an attractive host for heterologous protein production. Several promoters of genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes have been investigated in detail regarding their cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. Potent inducer molecules, for both xylanolytic and cellulolytic enzyme systems, have been identified and characterized. Furthermore, models for the recognition of the insoluble substrates cellulose and xylan have been developed based on a large set of experiments. This mini-review summarises the considerable amount of data accumulated over the past three decades.
207 citations
"Fermentative production and kinetic..." refers background in this paper
...The genus Trichoderma, filamentous ascomycetes are widely used in industrial applications because of high secretory capacity and inducible promoting characteristics (Mach and Zeilinger, 2003)....
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TL;DR: The growth and enzyme production by Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 using different lignocellulosic materials as carbon source were investigated and it was found that endoglucanase and endoxylanse activities were produced throughout the cultivations, whereas α-arabinosidase was induced late during the cultivation.
157 citations
"Fermentative production and kinetic..." refers background in this paper
...Biosynthesis of cellulase was also made on lignocellulo-sic materials such as sugar beet pulp and alkaline extracted sugar beet pulp and cellulose (Olsson et al., 2003)....
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...The general trend is that more cellulose in the mixture results in higher levels of endoglucanase (Olsson et al., 2003)....
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TL;DR: The filamentous fungus Penicillium brasilianum IBT 20888 was cultivated on a mixture of 30 g l−1 cellulose and 10 g xylan for 111 h and the resulting culture filtrate was used for protein purification and revealed similarity in molecular mass, pI and hydrolytic properties suggested that these two enzymes were identical, but the smaller was lacking the cellulose-binding domain or an essential part of it.
134 citations