Ferritin: a versatile building block for bionanotechnology.
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of the chiral stationary phase of the response of the immune system to various types of materials and shows clear patterns of decline in the immune systems of mice treated with these materials.
Abstract: Günther Jutz,†,§ Patrick van Rijn,†,‡,§ Barbara Santos Miranda,‡ and Alexander Böker*,† †DWI Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V., Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Materialien und Oberflac̈hen, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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TL;DR: A review summarizing the progress of supramolecular chemotherapy in cancer treatment based on host-guest recognition and guidance on the design of new targeting supramolescular chemotherapy combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions is presented.
Abstract: Chemotherapy is currently one of the most effective ways to treat cancer. However, traditional chemotherapy faces several obstacles to clinical trials, such as poor solubility/stability, non-targeting capability and uncontrollable release of the drugs, greatly limiting their anticancer efficacy and causing severe side effects towards normal tissues. Supramolecular chemotherapy integrating non-covalent interactions and traditional chemotherapy is a highly promising candidate in this regard and can be appropriately used for targeted drug delivery. By taking advantage of supramolecular chemistry, some limitations impeding traditional chemotherapy for clinical applications can be solved effectively. Therefore, we present here a review summarizing the progress of supramolecular chemotherapy in cancer treatment based on host–guest recognition and provide guidance on the design of new targeting supramolecular chemotherapy combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Based on a large number of state-of-the-art studies, our review will advance supramolecular chemotherapy on the basis of host–guest recognition and promote translational clinical applications.
485 citations
TL;DR: Although iron metabolism is subject to relatively strict physiological control, numerous disorders, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, have recently been linked to deregulated iron homeostasis, making it a promising and largely unexploited therapeutic target for the development of new pharmacological treatments for these diseases.
Abstract: Iron fulfils a central role in many essential biochemical processes in human physiology; thus, proper processing of iron is crucial. Although iron metabolism is subject to relatively strict physiological control, numerous disorders, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, have recently been linked to deregulated iron homeostasis. Consequently, iron metabolism constitutes a promising and largely unexploited therapeutic target for the development of new pharmacological treatments for these diseases. Several iron metabolism-targeted therapies are already under clinical evaluation for haematological disorders, and these and newly developed therapeutic agents are likely to have substantial benefit in the clinical management of iron metabolism-associated diseases, for which few efficacious treatments are currently available.
244 citations
TL;DR: This work proposes a rational design and facile synthesis concept for achieving exceptionally sensitive and selective detection of trace target biomarkers in exhaled human breath using a protein nanocage templating route for sensitizing electrospun nanofibers (NFs).
Abstract: Highly selective detection, rapid response ( 50) against specific target gases, particularly at the 1 ppm level, still remain considerable challenges in gas sensor applications. We propose a rational design and facile synthesis concept for achieving exceptionally sensitive and selective detection of trace target biomarkers in exhaled human breath using a protein nanocage templating route for sensitizing electrospun nanofibers (NFs). The mesoporous WO3 NFs, functionalized with well-dispersed nanoscale Pt, Pd, and Rh catalytic nanoparticles (NPs), exhibit excellent sensing performance, even at parts per billion level concentrations of gases in a humid atmosphere. Functionalized WO3 NFs with nanoscale catalysts are demonstrated to show great promise for the reliable diagnosis of diseases.
193 citations
TL;DR: The research field of giant clusters is under continuous evolution and their intriguing structural characteristics and magnetism properties that attract the interest of synthetic Inorganic Chemists promise a brilliant future for this class of compounds.
Abstract: In this review, aspects of the syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of giant 3d and 3d/4f paramagnetic metal clusters in moderate oxidation states are discussed. The term "giant clusters" is used herein to denote metal clusters with nuclearity of 30 or greater. Many synthetic strategies towards such species have been developed and are discussed in this paper. Attempts are made to categorize some of the most successful methods to giant clusters, but it will be pointed out that the characteristics of the crystal structures of such compounds including nuclearity, shape, architecture, etc. are unpredictable depending on the specific structural features of the included organic ligands, reaction conditions and other factors. The majority of the described compounds in this review are of special interest not only for their fascinating nanosized structures but also because they sometimes display interesting magnetic phenomena, such as ferromagnetic exchange interactions, large ground state spin values, single-molecule magnetism behaviour or impressively large magnetocaloric effects. In addition, they often possess the properties of both the quantum and the classical world, and thus their systematic study offers the potential for the discovery of new physical phenomena, as well as a better understanding of the existing ones. The research field of giant clusters is under continuous evolution and their intriguing structural characteristics and magnetism properties that attract the interest of synthetic Inorganic Chemists promise a brilliant future for this class of compounds.
192 citations
TL;DR: This Account focuses on chemiresistive type breath sensors with exceptionally high sensitivity and selectivity that were developed by combining hollow protein templated nanocatalysts with electrospun metal oxide nanostructures with novel multicomponent catalysts.
Abstract: ConspectusAs a futuristic diagnosis platform, breath analysis is gaining much attention because it is a noninvasive, simple, and low cost diagnostic method. Very promising clinical applications have been demonstrated for diagnostic purposes by correlation analysis between exhaled breath components and specific diseases. In addition, diverse breath molecules, which serve as biomarkers for specific diseases, are precisely identified by statistical pattern recognition studies. To further improve the accuracy of breath analysis as a diagnostic tool, breath sampling, biomarker sensing, and data analysis should be optimized. In particular, development of high performance breath sensors, which can detect biomarkers at the ppb-level in exhaled breath, is one of the most critical challenges. Due to the presence of numerous interfering gas species in exhaled breath, selective detection of specific biomarkers is also important.This Account focuses on chemiresistive type breath sensors with exceptionally high sensiti...
191 citations
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TL;DR: Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Greece, Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Triesteadays.
Abstract: Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece, Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9021 CNRS, Immunologie et Chimie Therapeutiques, 67084 Strasbourg, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
3,886 citations
TL;DR: Single-walled carbon nanotubes are molecular wires that exhibit interesting structural, mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical properties that make for an ideal miniaturized sensor.
Abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are molecular wires that exhibit interesting structural, mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical properties. 1-3 A SWNT is unique among solidstate materials in that every atom is on the surface. Surface chemistry could therefore be critical to the physical properties of SWNTs and their applications. 3-10 SWNT sidewall functionalization is important to soluble nanotubes, 4-6 self-assembly on surfaces, and chemical sensors. 8-10 For these purposes, it is imperative to functionalize the sidewalls of SWNTs in noncovalent ways to preserve the sp 2 nanotube structure and thus their electronic characteristics. Immobilization of biomolecules on carbon nanotubes has been pursued in the past, motivated by the prospects of using nanotubes as new types of biosensor materials. 11-15 The electronic properties of nanotubes coupled with the specific recognition properties of the immobilized biosystems would indeed make for an ideal miniaturized sensor. A prerequisite for research in this area is the development of chemical methods to immobilize biological molecules onto carbon nanotubes in a reliable manner. Thus far, only limited work has been carried out with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). 11-15 Metallothionein proteins were trapped inside and placed onto the outer surfaces of open-ended MWNTs.11-14 Streptavidin was found to adsorb on MWNTs presumably via hydrophobic interactions between the nanotubes and hydrophobic domains of the proteins. 15 DNA molecules adsorbed on MWNTs via nonspecific interactions were also observed. 12-14
2,516 citations
TL;DR: A great deal of research effort is now concentrated on two aspects of ferritin: its functional mechanisms and its regulation and the apparent links between iron and citrate metabolism through a single molecule with dual function are described.
2,486 citations
TL;DR: The expression of the iron homeostatic machinery is subject to iron-dependent global control ensuring that iron acquisition, storage and consumption are geared to iron availability and that intracellular levels of free iron do not reach toxic levels.
Abstract: Iron is essential to virtually all organisms, but poses problems of toxicity and poor solubility. Bacteria have evolved various mechanisms to counter the problems imposed by their iron dependence, allowing them to achieve effective iron homeostasis under a range of iron regimes. Highly efficient iron acquisition systems are used to scavenge iron from the environment under iron-restricted conditions. In many cases, this involves the secretion and internalisation of extracellular ferric chelators called siderophores. Ferrous iron can also be directly imported by the G protein-like transporter, FeoB. For pathogens, host–iron complexes (transferrin, lactoferrin, haem, haemoglobin) are directly used as iron sources. Bacterial iron storage proteins (ferritin, bacterioferritin) provide intracellular iron reserves for use when external supplies are restricted, and iron detoxification proteins (Dps) are employed to protect the chromosome from iron-induced free radical damage. There is evidence that bacteria control their iron requirements in response to iron availability by down-regulating the expression of iron proteins during iron-restricted growth. And finally, the expression of the iron homeostatic machinery is subject to iron-dependent global control ensuring that iron acquisition, storage and consumption are geared to iron availability and that intracellular levels of free iron do not reach toxic levels.
2,291 citations
TL;DR: This critical review is intended to attract the interest of organic chemists and researchers on green and sustainable chemistry on the catalytic activity of supported gold nanoparticles in organic transformations.
Abstract: This critical review is intended to attract the interest of organic chemists and researchers on green and sustainable chemistry on the catalytic activity of supported gold nanoparticles in organic transformations. In the general part of this critical review, emphasis is given to the different procedures to form supported gold nanoparticles and to the importance of the support cooperating in the catalysis. Also the convergence of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis in the study of gold nanoparticles has been discussed. The core part of this review is constituted by sections in which the reactions catalyzed by supported gold nanoparticles are described. Special emphasis is made on the unique ability of gold catalysts to promote additions to multiple C–C bonds, benzannulations and alcohol oxidation by oxygen (282 references).
1,621 citations