Ferrocene-Based Aliphatic and Aromatic Poly(azomethine)esters: Synthesis, Physicochemical Studies, and Biological Evaluation
TL;DR: In this article, a series of biologically significant poly(azomethine)esters (fe-PAME) were synthesized by the reaction of preformed (E)-4-((4-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)phenol (SB) with 1,1-di(chlorocarboxyl)ferrocene, (PFe).
Abstract: In continuation to our efforts in finding potential therapeutic agents, a series of biologically significant poly(azomethine)esters (fe-PAME) were synthesized by the reaction of preformed (E)-4-((4-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)phenol (SB) with 1,1-di(chlorocarboxyl)ferrocene, (PFe). Different aliphatic and aromatic sequences (1,3-propandiol, 1,6-hexandiol, and poly(dimethylsiloxane), hydroxyl-terminated (n = 550), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluorobis(phenol)propane, and bisphenol A) were incorporated in the parent chain to study their effect on biological activity. The overall results led to the identification of some interesting polymers which seem to be potent antioxidants, highly cytotoxic, and more importantly DNA protecting and hence can be studied further for other pharmacological activities to be used as potential drug candidates. FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic studies and elemental analysis were used to establish structural elucidation and structure–property relations. Laser light scattering was used to determin...
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TL;DR: This review summarizes the following biomedical applications of metal-containing polymers, including antimicrobial and antiviral agents, anticancer drugs, photodynamic therapy agents, radiotherapy agents and biocides, and metal- containing polymers in bioimaging.
Abstract: A survey of the most recent progress in the biomedical applications of metal-containing polymers is given. Due to the unique optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties, at least 30 different metal elements, most of them transition metals, are introduced into polymeric frameworks for interactions with biology-relevant substrates via various means. Inspired by the advance of metal-containing small molecular drugs and promoted by the great progress in polymer chemistry, metal-containing polymers have gained momentum during recent decades. According to their different applications, this review summarizes the following biomedical applications: (1) metal-containing polymers as drug delivery vehicles; (2) metal-containing polymeric drugs and biocides, including antimicrobial and antiviral agents, anticancer drugs, photodynamic therapy agents, radiotherapy agents and biocides; (3) metal-containing polymers as biosensors, and (4) metal-containing polymers in bioimaging.
203 citations
TL;DR: Recent advances demonstrate the potential of metal-based antimicrobial macromolecules as effective platforms that prevent and treat infections from resistant strains as well as their mechanisms of action and biocompatibility.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a copolymer microgel was generated by in situ reduction of copper nitrate followed by the air oxidation process, their fabrication is confirmed by powdered X-ray diffraction analysis and the average size of CuO NPs was found to be 24 nm having monoclinic shapes.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, cyclic carbonate and δ-valerolactone substrates functionalized with ferrocene were synthesized via alkyne-azide "click" cycloaddition.
Abstract: Cyclic carbonate and δ-valerolactone substrates functionalized with ferrocene were synthesized via alkyne–azide “click” cycloaddition. The cyclic carbonates were polymerized using 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene, 1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclohexylthiourea, and benzyl alcohol. The resulting polymers were characterized by GPC, NMR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry studies. It was found that polycarbonate molecular weights fall in the range of 4.1–5.2 × 103 g mol−1 with polydispersities as low as 1.26. Electrochemistry studies allowed us to identify the monomer/polymer pair with the most desirable redox potential for biological studies.
23 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the development in the area of electrochemical manipulation of polymers is presented, with an emphasis on soft condensed matter (with some weight on aqueous systems).
Abstract: Developments in the area of electrochemical manipulation of polymers are reviewed, with an emphasis on soft condensed matter (with some weight on aqueous systems). Electrochemical control of polymer solubility is a current issue, with applications in smart colloids, gels, and self-assembled systems. Electrode modification is addressed briefly. Different stimuli-responsive systems are categorized by highlighting the peculiarity of electrochemical switching. The review then categorizes different basic mechanisms for electrochemical switching of polymers: electrochemically induced solvation (switching of redox-active sites, which are strongly bound to the polymer), electrochemically induced complexation (free redox-active entities interact with complexation sites along the polymer), and mixed concepts. Further, features of different metallocene-based polymers are compared and ion-specific effects for the interaction of metallates with polyelectrolytes are addressed.
23 citations
Cites background from "Ferrocene-Based Aliphatic and Aroma..."
...The ferrocene moiety can be electrochemically oxidized and reduced reversibly, unless special polymers are considered that show an irreversible oxidation [143]....
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References
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TL;DR: In this article, a photoelectric apparatus for the measurement of the angular dependence of light scattering from solutions is described and its performance is discussed, and methods of calculation for the determination of the average extension of the scattering molecules from the data are described.
Abstract: A photoelectric apparatus for the measurement of the angular dependence of light scattering from solutions is described in detail and its performance is discussed. Methods of calculation for the determination of the average extension of the scattering molecules from the data are described. Data are presented for two fractions of polystyrene in various solvents, showing the effect of changing solvent power and temperature, and also confirming a theoretically derived formula for the concentration dependence of the scattering.
1,194 citations
TL;DR: Developments towards applications as emissive and photovoltaic materials; as optical limiters; in nanoelectronics, information storage, nanopatterning and sensing; as macromolecular catalysts and artificial enzymes; and as stimuli-responsive materials are illustrated.
Abstract: Synthetic polymers containing metal centres are emerging as an interesting and broad class of easily processable materials with properties and functions that complement those of state-of-the-art organic macromolecular materials. A diverse range of different metal centres can be harnessed to tune macromolecular properties, from transition- and main-group metals to lanthanides. Moreover, the linkages that bind the metal centres can vary almost continuously from strong, essentially covalent bonds that lead to irreversible or 'static' binding of the metal to weak and labile, non-covalent coordination interactions that allow for reversible, 'dynamic' or 'metallosupramolecular', binding. Here we review recent advances and challenges in the field and illustrate developments towards applications as emissive and photovoltaic materials; as optical limiters; in nanoelectronics, information storage, nanopatterning and sensing; as macromolecular catalysts and artificial enzymes; and as stimuli-responsive materials. We focus on materials in which the metal centres provide function; although they can also play a structural role, systems where this is solely their purpose have not been discussed.
877 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the principal conjugated polymers with imine groups (C=N) in the main chain, such as polyazomethines (Schiff bases) and polyketanils (polyketimines), are discussed.
264 citations
257 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a low valent titanium-mediated (TiCl4/Zn) cross-coupling of 4-MeO-C6H4COPh with ferrocenyl ethyl ketone was used for the synthesis of ferrocifen.
141 citations