Feulgen microspectrophotometric estimation of nuclear DNA of species and varieties of three different genera of Marantaceae
01 Jul 1984-Vol. 93, Iss: 3, pp 337-347
TL;DR: The variation in 4C DNA amounts between the species of Calathea was not distinct but in two species of Maranta, a notable variation in nuclear DNA amount was recorded and the amount of nuclear DNA did not show direct correlation with the total chromosome length and volume.
Abstract: Karyological analysis including determination of somatic chromosome number, total chromosome length, volume and karyotype formula andin situ estimation of 4C-nuclear DNA amount were carried out on 14 different species and varieties of the generaCalathea, Maranta andStromanthe. The 4C nuclear DNA amount was estimated through Feulgen microspectrophotometry following single wavelength method and expressed in arbitrary units of relative absorbances. The variation in 4C DNA amounts between the species ofCalathea was not distinct but in two species ofMaranta, a notable variation in nuclear DNA amount was recorded. In addition, the amount of nuclear DNA did not show direct correlation with the total chromosome length and volume. The absence of wide difference in nuclear DNA content at an interspecific level might have some adaptive value.
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TL;DR: This paper lists DNA C-values for 807 angiosperm species from 70 original sources, including 520 from sources published after 1996, and 691 for species not included in any of the previous five lists.
391 citations
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...This factor was obtained as the mean ratio of the estimates for Maranta bicolor (0.1734 a.u.) and Stromanthe sanguinea (0.2254 a.u.) obtained by Sharma and Mukhopadhyay (1984) and by L. Hanson at RBG, Kew (4C 2.09 pg and 2.68 pg, respectively)....
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TL;DR: The structural alteration of chromosomes as well as loss or addition of highly repetitive sequences in the genome showed variation in the DNA amount at cultivar level, but a marginal variation in nuclear DNA content at the cultivarlevel indicated a close relationship between them.
Abstract: Extensive karyotype analysis including determination of somatic chromosome number, total chromosome length and volume and estimation of 4C DNA amount were carried out on 9 different cultivars of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose.) for the first time. A significant variation in nuclear DNA amount was recorded at the cultivar level. The 4C DNA amount varied from 19.663-24.102 pg in the cultivars studied. The correlation coefficient studies showed that the 4C DNA content and genomic chromosome volume were interdependent. The structural alteration of chromosomes as well as loss or addition of highly repetitive sequences in the genome showed variation in the DNA amount at cultivar level, but a marginal variation in nuclear DNA content at the cultivar level indicated a close relationship between them.
28 citations
TL;DR: Investigation on karyotype, 4C nuclear DNA amount and interphase nuclear volume (INV) of different HimalayanBupleurum species belonging to Umbelliferae revealed genetic differentiation.
Abstract: Investigation on karyotype, 4C nuclear DNA amount and interphase nuclear volume (INV) of different HimalayanBupleurum species belonging toUmbelliferae revealed genetic differentiation. Numerical and structural alternation of chromosomes in interspecific level were manifested in their statistically significant altered species specific 4C nuclear DNA content. Somatic chromosome number ranged between 2n = 14 and 2n = 16.B. himalayense was reported for the first time having 2n = 16 chromosomes. Correlation coefficient among the various chromosomal and nuclear parameters showed no significant progressive or regressive interdependence except in between INV and nuclear DNA amount. Critical differences between 4C DNA content showed interspecific variation.
28 citations
TL;DR: The absence of wide differences in nuclear DNA content in the varietal level indicate a close relationship between Coriandrum sativum L. and 4C, which have played a vital role in intervarietal DNA variation.
Abstract: Extensive karyological analysis including determination of somatic chromosome number, total chromosome length and volume and estimation of 4C DNA amount were carried out on 8 different varieties of Coriandrum sativum L. A significant variation in nuclear DNA amount was recorded in the varietal level. The structural alteration of chromosome as well as loss or addition of highly repetitive sequences in the genome have played a vital role in intervarietal DNA variation. The absence of wide differences in nuclear DNA content in the varietal level indicate a close relationship between them.
26 citations
TL;DR: Dysploid variation, polyploidy and, to a lesser extend, hybridization may be the main factors in chromosome number evolution of the family Marantaceae.
Abstract: Karyotype analyses in species of the family Marantaceae (550 species, 31 genera) were conducted to shed light on the reported strong variation of chromosome number and size and the occurrence of polyploidy. Special attention was paid to the alterations in basic chromosome numbers, karyotypes and ploidy levels. Taxon sampling covered the whole distribution area of Marantaceae in Africa, Asia and America. We applied mitotic chromosome counting using conventional rapid squash techniques in 43 accessions (39 species, 16 genera), evaluated literature records for 51 species and conducted karyotype analyses. Eleven different somatic chromosome numbers were found (2n = 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 33, 44, 36, 52, 65, 72). Based on the presumed basic chromosome numbers of x = 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, this may correspond to diploid, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid and octoploid levels, respectively. Dysploid variation, polyploidy and, to a lesser extend, hybridization may be the main factors in chromosome number evolution of the family. Our results also point to a certain degree of association with species diversification and geographical patterns.
18 citations
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...1968; Sharma and Mukhopadhyay 1984; Hanson et al....
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TL;DR: Evidence is presented which strongly supports the notion that the major evolutionary change in chromosome structure in Secale has involved the addition of heterochromatin at, or close to, the telomeres, and it is suggested that saltatory amplification events at telomere were initially responsible for each large increase in DNA amount.
Abstract: Estimates of the 4C DNA amount per nucleus in 16 taxa of the genus Secale made by Feulgen microdensitometry ranged from 28.85 picograms (pg) in S. silvestre PBI R52 to 34.58 pg in S. vavilovii UM 2D49, compared with 33.14 pg in S. cereale cv. “Petkus Spring” which was used as a standard. Giemsa C-banding patterns showed considerable interspecific and intraspecific variation and several instances of polymorphism for large telomeric C-bands. The proportion of telomeric heterochromatin in the genome ranged from about 6% in S. silvestre and S. africanum to about 12% in cultivated rye. A detailed comparison of nine taxa showed no overall relationship between 4C DNA amount and the proportion of telomeric heterochromatin in the genome. However, evidence is presented which strongly supports the notion that the major evolutionary change in chromosome structure in Secale has involved the addition of heterochromatin at, or close to, the telomeres. It is suggested that saltatory amplification events at telomeres were initially responsible for each large increase in DNA amount. Subsequently unequal crossing over between homologues may have played an important secondary role by extending the range of variation in the amount of heterochromatin at a given telomere, while crossing over between non-homologues may have provided a useful mechanism allowing an increase in the DNA amount at one telomere to be distributed between chromosomes.
145 citations
TL;DR: Pour un accroissement de 100 fois, le volume cellulaire est directement proportionnel au volume nucléaire and, sur une échelle doublement logarithmique, donne une régression linéaire de pente équivalente à +1.
Abstract: Les volumes cellulaires et nucleaires de 14 especes herbacees d'angiosperme ont ete mesures dans les meristemes apicaux. Pour un accroissement de 100 fois, le volume cellulaire est directement proportionnel au volume nucleaire et, sur une echelle doublement logarithmique, donne une regression lineaire de pente equivalente a +1.
130 citations
120 citations
TL;DR: Comparisons of the distribution of DNA amounts among chromosomes within the complements show that increase in total nuclear DNA amount within the genus Vicia is achieved by equal increments to each chromosome independent of size, which concludes that relative size may itself be of adaptive importance.
Abstract: 2C nuclear DNA amounts in diploid species of the genus Vicia (x = 5, 6, and 7) range from approximately four to twenty seven picograms. The DNA amount varies independently of the chromosome number and of taxonomic grouping within the genus. Comparisons of the distribution of DNA amounts among chromosomes within the complements show that increase in total nuclear DNA amount within the genus is achieved by equal increments to each chromosome independent of size i.e., small chromosomes acquire the same amount of extra DNA as the large chromosomes. An inevitable consequence of such a pattern of DNA change is that the chromosomes within complements with high DNA amount are more alike in size and DNA content, more symmetrical, than within complements of species with low DNA amount. In a few species the symmetry is confounded as a result of Robertsonian fusion. The equal distribution of extra DNA among chromosomes within a complement has been reported in other genera of flowering plants viz. in Lolium, Festuca and Lathyrus. In all cases there is evidently a severe constraint either upon the way in which the nuclear DNA variation is achieved or else upon its persistence in the face of selection. Since the pattern of change affects the relative sizes of chromosomes within complements we conclude that relative size may itself be of adaptive importance.
112 citations
TL;DR: Evidence indicates that the quantitative changes in the genus Lathyrus involve mainly the repetitive, as distinct from the non-repetitive fraction of the chromosomal DNA and, on a cytological basis, mainly heterochromatin in contrast to euchromatin.
Abstract: In the genus Lathyrus the divergence and evolution of species was accompanied by large scale changes in nuclear DNA amount. All the species are diploids with 14 chromosomes so that the DNA changes were the result of amplification or deletion of segments within chromosomes. Our evidence indicates that the quantitative changes involve mainly the repetitive, as distinct from the non-repetitive fraction of the chromosomal DNA and, on a cytological basis, mainly heterochromatin in contrast to euchromatin. There is an element of discontinuity in the distribution of DNA amounts among species which suggests that the DNA variation results from a series of separate, spasmodic events. The discontinuities may be viewed, also, as “steady states” from the standpoint of genetic balance and biological fitness.
104 citations