Fiber Bragg grating interrogation technique for remote sensing (100km) using a hybrid Brillouin-Raman fiber laser
17 May 2011-Vol. 7753, pp 1111-1114
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid Raman-Brillouin fiber laser configuration was used for remote sensing. But the authors proposed a novel fiberbragg grating interrogation technique based on the use of a hybrid RF-IR configuration, which is used both for sensing function and for the selection of the lasing wavelengths.
Abstract: We propose and demonstrate the feasibility of a novel Fiber Bragg Grating interrogation technique for remote sensing
based on the use of a hybrid Raman-Brillouin fiber laser configuration. The laser comprises 100 km of standard singlemode
fiber (SMF) in a linear cavity configuration with four Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) arranged in series. The FBGs
are used both for the sensing function and for the selection of the lasing wavelengths. A wavelength-swept laser pumps
Brillouin gain in the fiber cavity, which is previously set just under lasing threshold by the Raman gain. Furthermore, the
sensor signal is detected in the radio frequency domain instead of the optical domain so as to avoid signal to noise ratio
limitations produced by Rayleigh scattering. Experimental results demonstrate that the shift of the Bragg wavelength of
the FBG sensors can be precisely measured with good signal to noise ration when the FBG are used for temperature
sensing.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The great evolution of remote fiber sensor systems in recent years is summarized, confirming that fiber-optic remote sensing is a promising technology with a wide field of practical applications.
Abstract: This paper presents an overview of optical fiber sensor networks for remote sensing. Firstly, the state of the art of remote fiber sensor systems has been considered. We have summarized the great evolution of these systems in recent years; this progress confirms that fiber-optic remote sensing is a promising technology with a wide field of practical applications. Afterwards, the most representative remote fiber-optic sensor systems are briefly explained, discussing their schemes, challenges, pros and cons. Finally, a synopsis of the main factors to take into consideration in the design of a remote sensor system is gathered.
61 citations
TL;DR: Different kind of multiplexed networks for fiber optic sensors will be described and compared here, including networks using optical amplification and lasing multiplexing systems, focused on robust, remote and distributed Brillouin networks.
45 citations
TL;DR: This last system represents the longest range FBG sensor system reported so far that includes fiber sensor multiplexing capability.
Abstract: We propose and demonstrate two ultra-long range fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor interrogation systems. In the first approach four FBGs are located 200 km from the monitoring station and a signal to noise ratio of 20 dB is obtained. The second improved version is able to detect the four multiplexed FBGs placed 250 km away, offering a signal to noise ratio of 6-8 dB. Consequently, this last system represents the longest range FBG sensor system reported so far that includes fiber sensor multiplexing capability. Both simple systems are based on a wavelength swept laser to scan the reflection spectra of the FBGs, and they are composed by two identical-lengths optical paths: the first one intended to launch the amplified laser signal by means of Raman amplification and the other one is employed to guide the reflection signal to the reception system.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel tunable fiber ring laser configuration with a combination of Raman amplification and erbium-doped fiber amplification (EDFA) is proposed for realizing high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), ultra-long distance (300 km) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor systems.
Abstract: A novel tunable fiber ring laser configuration with a combination of Raman amplification and erbium-doped fiber amplification (EDFA) is proposed for realizing high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), ultra-long distance (300 km) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor systems The hybrid Raman–EDF amplification configuration can enhance the optical SNR of FBG sensor signals significantly, so the optical power reflected by the fiber Bragg grating can be compensated A good optical SNR of 15 dB is achieved for a 275 km transmission distance, which is the best performance to our knowledge, and about 4 dB at 300 km In the static strain experiments with fiber lengths of 100,200,250,300 km, the linearity is greater than 0999 This system can be widely used in the ultra-long-distance sensing applications such as railways, oil(gas) pipelines and coastline
19 citations
13 Jun 2013
13 citations
Cites background from "Fiber Bragg grating interrogation t..."
...Besides the foregoing fiber lasers, some novel FBG interrogation techniques for remote sensing using a hybrid Brillouin-Raman fiber laser (100 km) [123] or combining Raman, Brillouin and erbium gain in a fiber laser (155 km) [124] have experimentally demonstrated....
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors, including quasi-distributed strain sensing using Bragg gratings, systems based on chirped gratings and intragrating sensing concepts.
Abstract: We review the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors, including quasi-distributed strain sensing using Bragg gratings, systems based on chirped gratings, intragrating sensing concepts, long period-based grating sensors, fiber grating laser-based systems, and interferometric sensor systems based on grating reflectors.
3,665 citations
"Fiber Bragg grating interrogation t..." refers background in this paper
...They have demonstrated several advantages, such as high resolution for wavelength shift, capability for remote sensing or high signal-to-noise ratio against the noisy environments in practical applications; in contrast with the FBG sensor system based on a broad-band light source whose maximum distance is limited up to 25 km mainly due to Raylegh Scattering [1, 5]....
[...]
...Hence FBGs have a huge potential to be applied to structural health monitoring, testing of composite material, smart structures or traditional strain, pressure, vibration, and temperature sensing, and so on [1, 2]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, two erbium-doped fiber ring laser (EDFRLs) with simultaneous emission at four different wavelengths are demonstrated, where the sensing capability of the fiber Bragg gratings has been taken advantage of, allowing for the sources to be used as sensor multiplexing schemes.
Abstract: Two erbium-doped fiber ring lasers (EDFRLs) wvith simultaneous emission at four different wavelengths are demonstrated. Both systems employ fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) to select the operation wavelengths within the ring. The sensing capability of the FBGs has been taken advantage of, allowing for the sources to be used as sensor multiplexing schemes. The first system employs four FBGs in a tree filter topology, achieving four output channels with -5 dBm power each. The second system comprises an in-line filtering topology with active fiber segments within the filter. This second source yields 2-dBm output signals and allows for a higher number of lines to be easily added to the system. A comparison between both topologies is carried out, and their capability for sensor multiplexing is demonstrated.
238 citations
"Fiber Bragg grating interrogation t..." refers methods in this paper
...The developed system utilizes lower Raman pump powers than needed in previously long-distance reported systems without Brillouin amplification [12-15]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel scheme to implement tunable multi-tap complex coefficient filters based on optical single sideband modulation and narrow band optical filtering is proposed, which is experimentally demonstrated to highlight the enhanced tuning performance provided by complex coefficients.
Abstract: We propose a novel scheme to implement tunable multi-tap complex coefficient filters based on optical single sideband modulation and narrow band optical filtering. A four tap filter is experimentally demonstrated to highlight the enhanced tuning performance provided by complex coefficients. Optical processing is performed by the use of a cascade of four phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings specifically fabricated for this purpose.
213 citations
"Fiber Bragg grating interrogation t..." refers background in this paper
...The bandwidth of the deployed bandpass RF filter needs to be wide enough to accommodate the change in Brillouin frequency shift as the wavelength is tuned [11]....
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, the operation of single and multipoint active fiber sensors for both strain and temperature measurements is reported, where the primary advantage of an active sensor over a passive sensor is a significant increase in signal-to-noise ratio.
Abstract: The operation of single- and multipoint active fiber sensors for both strain and temperature measurements is reported. An active fiber source consists of a pair of wavelength-matched Bragg gratings formed in a rare earth doped fibre, and when, optically pumped, lase in a narrow bandwidth around the Bragg wavelength. The primary advantage of an active sensor over a passive sensor is a significant increase in signal-to-noise ratio. >
101 citations
"Fiber Bragg grating interrogation t..." refers background or methods in this paper
...The developed system utilizes lower Raman pump powers than needed in previously long-distance reported systems without Brillouin amplification [12-15]....
[...]
...Takanori Saitoh, et al, developed a system which reached an OSNR of 19 dB when the sensor system was 100km long [12]....
[...]
TL;DR: Using a simple multiwavelength Raman laser configuration with a single phase-shifted FBG and a tunable chirped FBG, this work readily achieved simultaneous two-channel sensing probes with a high extinction ratio over a 50-km distance.
Abstract: We propose a simple and flexible multiwavelength Raman fiber laser based on phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and a tunable chirped FBG Using a simple multiwavelength Raman laser configuration with a single phase-shifted FBG and a tunable chirped FBG, we readily achieved simultaneous two-channel sensing probes with a high extinction ratio of more than 50 dB over a 50-km distance The multiwavelength output was stable and the peak fluctuation was less than 05 dB The temperature and strain sensitivities are estimated to be 101 pm/degrees C and 75 pm/microstrain, respectively
57 citations
"Fiber Bragg grating interrogation t..." refers background in this paper
...Hence FBGs have a huge potential to be applied to structural health monitoring, testing of composite material, smart structures or traditional strain, pressure, vibration, and temperature sensing, and so on [1, 2]....
[...]